Co-Occurring Disorders Essay

The co-occurring I chose is Schizophrenia and Alcohol Dependence, with the prevalence of Nicotine Dependence. Schizophrenia occurs in hatful from tout ensemble cultures and all walks of life, and its characteristic symptoms be well recognized. Those symptoms include extreme oddities in perception, thinking, action, sense of self, and manner of relating to others. However, the hallmark of schizophrenia is a significant loss of contact with reality, referred to as psychosis. Taken from the DSM IV (Association, 2000), (pgs. 153-154) the criteria for schizophrenia argon two or more of the following symptoms, present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period, and persistent for six months areDelusions.Hallucinations.Disorganized speech.Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.Negative symptoms.According to (Butcher & Mineka, 2010) (pg.458), the vast majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in late(a) adolescence and early childhood, although schizophrenia is sometim es found in children, such cases are rare. Schizophrenia tends to begin earlier in men than in women, usually surrounded by ages 20 and 24. The incidence of schizophrenia in women peaks during the same age period, but the peak is less marked than it is for men. Overall, the average age of onset of schizophrenia is virtually 25 years for men and around 29 years for women.Alcohol Dependence is a state, psychic and usually also physical, resulting from alcohol use, and is characterized by behavioural and other responses that always include a compulsion to take alcohol on a continuous or periodic basis in separate to experience its psychic effects, and sometimes to avoid the discomfort of its absence, tolerance whitethorn or may not be present. According to the DSM IV (Association, 2000), thecriteria for alcohol dependency are a tolerance as defined by a need for markedly increased amounts of the amount to achieve intoxication or desired effect, and the markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance. The symptoms of alcohol addiction are Withdrawal syndrome.It is taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended. Unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use.A great deal of time is dog-tired in activities necessary to obtain the substance. Alcohol and nicotine dependence are extremely common among patients with schizophrenia (Drake, 2001), almost half of schizophrenic patients have a substance use disorder during their lifetime. The rate is probably even greater among high-risk groups, such as young men with a history of violence or homelessness, and among patients in acute care settings. Alcohol abuse is correlated with poor concurrent adjustment and predictive of adverse outcomes such as higher grade of homelessness, hospitalization, and incarceration. on that point is a huge prevalence of nicotine dependence with this co-occurring disorder. Nicotine is the most common form of substance ab use in people with schizophrenia.According to the (National Institute of Health, 2013), people with schizophrenia are driven to smoke. They smoke at three times the rate of the general population. In the general adult population age 18 years or older, the report rate of nicotine use is 25.9%, with a 12.8% increase within the past year. In people with schizophrenia there is a reported rate of use of nicotine of 60% 90%, a 28.5% increase within the past year. In the general population the rate of use for alcohol in people age 18 years or older is 2.9% 17.9%, a 5.1% increase within the past year. In schizophrenic patients alcohol use has kaput(p) up from 14 to 22 percent in the 1960s and 1970s, to 25 to 50 percent in the 1990s. Within the past year the reported dependence for alcohol in schizophrenic patients has gone up from 43.1% to 65%. According to ( sum total Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2013) assessment issues for this co-occurring disorder are race who ar e experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia may put up resistance to help because they do not know that something is wrong, when in reality this can be a manifestation of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.The symptoms of schizophrenia can bemistaken for an individual being intoxicated. Many individuals with symptoms of schizophrenia isolate themselves from family and friends, and many are homeless, so they are not surrounded by a abide system to get them to needed help. If the professional doing the assessment doesnt have the individuals forward psychical health background, or their familys mental health background, they wont be able to properly assess the disorder. The traditional give-and-take style for schizophrenia has been strictly focused on psychiatry and psychotropic drugs. However today professionals should be aware that there is evidence of increasing use of alcohol and drugs by persons with schizophrenia, and a dual diagnosis should be expected. Therefore, an accur ate understanding of the role of substance use disorders in the clients psychosis requires a treble contact, longitudinal assessment.Both psychotic and substance use disorders tend to be chronic disorders with multiple relapses and remissions, certifying the need for long-term treatment. For clients with co-occurring disorders involving psychosis, a long-term compositional approach is imperative. Treatment practices that could be harmful or contradictive for individuals with co-occurring disorders are Untrained or unqualified staff (staff members, whether primarily from the substance abuse treatment or mental health fields, should be knowledgeable roughly both disorders and their treatments. Treating one disorder without treating the other (mental health and addiction treatment systems often are separated.This bunk may result in patients being treated at one location for addiction and at another for mental health disorders. Some mental health care facilities do not accept pat ients in medication-assisted treatment, forcing these patients to choose which disorder to treat. Also co-occurring disorders require individualized treatment approaches. It is usually best to cover up all of a patients disorders simultaneously because each can influence the other. The treatment approach for this co-occurring disorder should be a multi-disciplinary team approach. excess considerations should include an integrated approach, (a team working closely together, social worker, counselor or therapist, psychiatrist or mental health professional, and a medical doctor). There should also be Available resources for crisis intervention.Treatment for schizophrenia and drug treatment.Rehabilitation (social and vocational training to help people with schizophrenia function better in their communities). Family education (people with schizophrenia are often discharged from the hospital into the care of their families. So it is important that family members know as much as possible about the disorder. With the help of a counselor, family members can learn coping strategies and problem solving skills). CBT (it helps patients with symptoms that dont go away even when they take medications). Self-help groups (group members comfort and support each other they know that others are facing the same problems, which can help everyone feel less isolated). Two treatment or community supports that are available in central Ohio areDublin Springs Treatment Center7625 Hospital DriveDublin, Ohio (614) 717-1800 www.dublinsprings.comCenter for Innovative PracticesKent State UniversityKent, Ohio (330) 672-7917 www-dev.rags.kent.edu/cipTwo local benefit providers that provide treatment for people with this co-occurring disorder are Southeast Inc.16 W. Long StreetColumbus, Ohio (614) 225-0990 www.southeastinc.comColumbus Area Integrated Health Services1515 E. all-encompassing StreetColumbus, Ohio (614) 252-0711 interventionamerica.orgThe factors that will increase the likelihoo d that clients will participate in treatment are Developing and using a therapeutic alliance to accept the client in treatment. Maintaining a recovery perspective.Managing countertransference.Monitoring psychiatric symptoms.Using supportive and empathic counseling.Employing culturally appropriate methods.Increasing structure and support.Encouraging family support and providing counseling and education. Three potential barriers that could prevent a person from taking advantage oftreatment and/or supports are Inaccessibility or documentation for treatment (some mental health centers do not offer integrated treatment. Because of the lack of insurance and Medicaid cutbacks some people do not have access to funding for treatment. Also Legislators need to re-appropriate funding for treatment. However, agencies that are funded by ADAMH provide 100% funding for treatment. Ex. Southeast Inc.). Homelessness (many individuals who suffer from this disorder isolate themselves from family and f riends, so they dont have a support system to get them to help when their symptoms are presenting.Many are incarcerated and there is no mental health background for them, or they are jailed because the symptoms of schizophrenia are similar to intoxication). Staff who are undertrained in the symptoms of this co-occurring disorder. Involvement of family or significant others are very important in treatment and should be offered counseling to help them with coping strategies and problem-solving skills, they should also be offered education about the disorder. Additional information about this co-occurring disorder pertains to the use of nicotine (smoking may make anti-psychotic drugs less effective, and quitting smoking is very difficult because nicotine withdrawal may cause these individuals psychotic symptoms to get worse for a while.ReferencesAssociation, A. P. (2000). DSM, IV. In Diagnostic Criteria (pp. 153-154). Arlington American Psychiatric Association. Butcher, J. N., & Mineka , S. H. (2010). Abnormal Behavior. Boston Pearson Publishing Co. Drake, R. E. (2001, August 17). Treating Substance Abuse Among Patients With Schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, pp. 71-83. National Institute of Health. (2013, October 12). Retrieved from National Institute of Mental Health www.nimh.nih.gov Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2013, September 15). Retrieved from SAMHSA www.samhsa.gov