tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27708596124152500752024-03-12T17:47:21.791-07:00Book review reportJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.comBlogger234125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-15430853423089166602020-09-02T23:35:00.001-07:002020-09-02T23:35:07.413-07:00Geography Essay Sample Summer in Different Parts of the GlobeTopography Essay Sample Summer in Different Parts of the Globe Topography Essay Sample: Summer in Different Parts of the Globe In the event that you will compose a school paper, itââ¬â¢s a smart thought to take a gander at a model first. This will assist you with understanding the structure of an exposition and what should be incorporated. Here is a geology paper test for you to reference when you compose your own topography perfect work of art. Regularly, individuals feel that late spring is warm, and the sun is continually sparkling. This isn't generally the situation for summer fluctuates in better places the world over. There isn't one single meaning of the period when it is taken a gander at from a worldwide outlook. There is a bunch of contrasts between each countryââ¬â¢s summer season and what it resembles. In the event that you live in the northern half of the globe, you realize that mid year happens in June, July, and August. The individuals who live in the southern side of the equator experience summer in December, January, and February. Only one out of every odd nation has their mid year season simultaneously. This is one of the significant contrasts between summers in better places far and wide. Another variety in summer far and wide is that a few spots get hotter and drier while others get hotter and wetter. Drier atmospheres regularly experience dry seasons in the mid year, which reduces their harvest creation. Tropical zones are known to be progressively sticky, which implies that late spring is the ââ¬Å"wet seasonâ⬠. This is additionally the season where the most vegetation develops in tropical nations. Hong Kong has a sub-tropical atmosphere, which implies that they become a considerable lot of their harvests throughout the late spring season. In general, there are a couple of urban communities that are more blazing than the entirety of the rest. Kuwait City, Karachi, and Ahvaz regularly arrive at the most noteworthy temperatures when contrasted with others. Especially, in Kuwait City, the temperature may arrive at 44 degrees Celsius, which is identical to 111 degrees Fahrenheit. This is normal throughout the late spring a very long time from June to August. This city, alongside Karachi and Ahvaz, encounters in excess of a couple of negative impacts from the sweltering climate. The residents are inclined to heatwaves and helpless air flow. In the late spring period of 2017 in the United States, a couple of states had particularly sweltering climate. These temperatures were somewhere in the range of 119 and 125 degrees Fahrenheit or somewhere in the range of 48 and 51 degrees Celsius. These particular temperatures were recorded in the southwest area, including California, Arizona, and Nevada. Arizonaââ¬â¢s capital city, Phoenix, had arrived at the temperature of 120 degrees Fahrenheit multiple times in its history. The high temperatures end up being dangerous and even brought about warmth waves. Obviously, this isn't what summer resembles all around the world. In New Zealand, there can once in a while be an absence of consistency with regards to climate. New Zealand is found generally near Antarctica. As of late, in January of 2017, this nation ought to have been encountering its mid year season. Rather, it was met with a ââ¬Å"weather bombâ⬠which prompted flooding and snowing. This isn't strange for the nation, which is situated in the southern half of the globe. They have persevered through outrageous climate conditions preceding the 2017 climate bomb. All things considered, there are a great deal of ways that mid year can introduce itself all through the world. There isn't one right course to depict summer since it can appear to be unique in every city or nation. A few nations have mellow summers, while others have outrageous ones. Indeed, even a countryââ¬â¢s summer season timing can shift by its area in either the northern or southern half of the globe. References: Birch, H. (2015, July 22). Where is the universes most sizzling city? Recovered March 21, 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/urban areas/2015/jul/22/where-world-most sultry city-kuwait-karachi-ahvaz Cheng, V., Ng, E., Chan, C., Givoni, B. (2011). Outside warm solace concentrate in a sub-tropical atmosphere: A longitudinal report situated in Hong Kong. Worldwide Journal of Biometeorology, 56(1), 43-56. doi:10.1007/s00484-010-0396-z Press, A. (2017, June 21). Searing summer temperatures carry most exceedingly awful warmth to south-west US in years. Recovered March 21, 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/20/heatwave-south-west-us-arizona-nevada-california Redd, N. T. (2015, June 19). Summer: The Warmest Season. Recovered March 21, 2018, from https://www.livescience.com/24592-summer.html Roy, E. A. (2017, January 23). New Zealand hit by climate bomb bringing summer day off flooding. Recovered March 21, 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/23/new-zealand-climate bomb-summer-snow-flooding Staniforth, A., Thuburn, J. (2011). Level matrices for worldwide climate and atmosphere expectation models: A survey. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 138(662), 1-26. doi:10.1002/qj.958 Waliser, D. E., Moncrieff, M. W., Burridge, D., Fink, A. H., Gochis, D., Goswami, B. N., . . . Yuter, S. (2012). The ââ¬Å"Yearâ⬠of Tropical Convection (May 2008ââ¬April 2010): Climate Variability and Weather Highlights. Release of the American Meteorological Society, 93(8), 1189-1218. doi:10.1175/2011bams3095.1 As an alternative, you can contact our composing administration for employing custom article writersâ who are specialists recorded as a hard copy astounding topography papers and exploration papers. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-65001567216174294852020-08-22T17:24:00.001-07:002020-08-22T17:24:03.600-07:00Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Research Paper - 2Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility - Research Paper Example At the point when the standard of care has been penetrated by clinical experts and harm can be demonstrated subsequently, patients can make fitting legitimate move (Johnson, 2010). Obligation of care ensures consistence to set up Federal rules. Optional partners, inside, are the doctors and attendants responsible for guaranteeing agreeable clinical strategies and patient oversight. Dr. DoRight must work with these staff individuals day by day guaranteeing satisfactory oversight of their exercises. Simultaneously, this partner bunch keeps up specific insurances under work law that command the degree to which Dr. DoRight can mediate and build up disciplinary methodology. A third partner bunch is the administration board accused of supervising emergency clinic tasks and vital turns of events. The Executive Committee and Regional Compliance Manager have obligations regarding guaranteeing consistence to set up legalities in the clinical field. Pair, the administration partners must guaran tee arrangement of operational exercises with set up medical clinic guidelines grew inside. Irreconcilable situations with Stakeholders The main irreconcilable circumstance requiring investigation is the connection between Dr. DoRight and the administration board individuals. The administration framework keeps up obligation regarding guaranteeing the exposed uprightness and notoriety of the emergency clinic, which is a key type of corporate protectionism. Dr. DoRightââ¬â¢s charges (and they are just at present claims) of staff unfortunate behavior presents future, potential notoriety issues for the clinic if examination verifies that quite a long while have gone without making suitable move for criminal wrongdoing by medical caretakers and doctors. The administration board and Dr. DoRight likewise keep up obligation regarding guaranteeing obligation of care for patients, pushing them all into a noteworthy irreconcilable circumstance for securing both the medical clinic open pictu re and furthermore guaranteeing tolerant guidelines of care. Also, the numerous enterprises and network associations that direct business with the emergency clinic represent another irreconcilable situation for Dr. DoRight. Dr. DoRight has gotten various honors for greatness in official capacity, including the Medical Business Executive of the Year grant in 2011. Dr. DoRight must decide if to save his notoriety that has been gathered through long stretches of network and corporate trust-building while likewise keeping up obligation to uncover legitimate rebelliousness that endangers tolerant wellbeing and security. Dr. DoRight likely asks himself whether self-protectionism or network/corporate partner needs ought to be viewed as the most essential target while thinking about what he accepts is happening in the association. Has Dr. DoRight Fulfilled His Ethical Obligations? Dr. DoRight has not completely satisfied his moral commitments for this situation. He positively made the fitti ng strides by advising his bosses (those with capacity to research and rebuff these demonstrations) which speaks toward his keeping up some type of moral establishment and moral worth framework. Notwithstanding, tort law can likewise give potential outcomes that give him individual Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-1112955389412995572020-08-21T15:05:00.001-07:002020-08-21T15:05:14.940-07:00Free Essays on Emily Dickinson And The Exalted PoetEmily Dickinson and The Exalted Poet The couple of, the pleased, the artists. Writers, the chosen few who are so lifted up by their craft they think of it as a mysterious encounter that in one sonnet, Emily Dickinson raises them better than inconsequential thoughts as the sun, the late spring, and even the paradise of God. In spite of the fact that her sonnets donââ¬â¢t all inside around the brilliance of the writer, the not many that do compare the graceful crucial such expansive ideas as religion and her very own creed. Sonnets 569 and 1129 (ââ¬Å"I figure when I check at allâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Tell all the Truth however tell it slantâ⬠individually) like any great verse, might be perused various ways, most straightforwardly as a discourse on the craft of verse, with basic critique concerning the previously mentioned issues. Sonnet 569 ââ¬Å"I figure . . . â⬠positions verse and artists to the exclusion of everything else in the main refrain. She outrightly organizes writers over nature and religion, venturing to such an extreme as to consider the last a ââ¬Å"needless show.â⬠Dickinson unmistakably disagrees with religion, no uncertainty because of an exacting strict childhood the Norton Anthology depicts as suggestive of Jonathan Edwards. This sonnet, composed sooner than ââ¬Å"Tell all the Truth . . . â⬠not just places the writer over the paradise of God, communicates a crack between Dickinson as an individual and her religion. She believes the artist to be increasingly innovative, expressive, including and comprehensive. Strangely enough, Dickinson clarifies the more fantastic summer, sun, and ââ¬Å"further heaven,â⬠made by artists for perusers, yet leaves the sonnet very open-finished. She closes ââ¬Å"It is too troublesome a Grace To legitimize the Dreamâ⬠which appe ars to state the paradise of beautiful creation is so elevated as to be difficult to accomplish. This may resemble or remark on her own impression of the religious thought of Grace as unimaginable or unbelievable. In sonnet 1129 Dickinson likewise is by all accounts principally tending to how best to catch truth through verse... Free Essays on Emily Dickinson And The Exalted Poet Free Essays on Emily Dickinson And The Exalted Poet Emily Dickinson and The Exalted Poet The couple of, the pleased, the writers. Writers, the chosen few who are so lifted up by their craft they think of it as a magical encounter that in one sonnet, Emily Dickinson raises them better than paltry thoughts as the sun, the late spring, and even the paradise of God. In spite of the fact that her sonnets donââ¬â¢t all inside around the magnificence of the writer, the not many that do compare the idyllic crucial such wide ideas as religion and her very own authoritative opinion. Sonnets 569 and 1129 (ââ¬Å"I figure when I tally at allâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Tell all the Truth yet tell it slantâ⬠separately) like any great verse, might be perused various ways, most straightforwardly as a discourse on the specialty of verse, with basic critique concerning the previously mentioned issues. Sonnet 569 ââ¬Å"I figure . . . â⬠positions verse and artists regardless of anything else in the primary refrain. She obtrusively organizes artists over nature and religion, venturing to such an extreme as to consider the last a ââ¬Å"needless show.â⬠Dickinson plainly disagrees with religion, no uncertainty because of a severe strict childhood the Norton Anthology depicts as suggestive of Jonathan Edwards. This sonnet, composed sooner than ââ¬Å"Tell all the Truth . . . â⬠not just places the artist over the paradise of God, communicates a crack between Dickinson as an individual and her religion. She believes the artist to be increasingly inventive, expressive, incorporating and comprehensive. Strikingly enough, Dickinson clarifies the more fantastic summer, sun, and ââ¬Å"further heaven,â⬠made by writers for perusers, yet leaves the sonnet very open-finished. She closes ââ¬Å"It is too troublesome a Grace To legitimize the Dreamâ⬠which appears to s tate the paradise of wonderful creation is so grand as to be difficult to accomplish. This may resemble or remark on her own impression of the religious thought of Grace as outlandish or inconceivable. In sonnet 1129 Dickinson additionally is by all accounts fundamentally tending to how best to catch truth through verse... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-89571229013255333722020-06-05T05:36:00.001-07:002020-06-05T05:36:03.876-07:00Puck, as the Dark Middle Man - Literature Essay Samples The character Puck, or Robin Goodfellow, is most often associated with the mischievous little hobgoblin fairy in Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream. Even before Shakespeares interpretation of Puck though, the little imp had been one of the most popular characters in English folklore. Puck appears to be a minor character, and quite a nuisance with all his tricks and pranks in the play, but his role is necessary and even monumental. Shakespeare uses Puck as the intermediary in the play, connecting the play and the audience, the fairy world and the human world. Puck is also the only character in A Midsummer Nights Dream who addresses the audience directly, thus raising important questions about the play concerning love, fairies, the lovers images of themselves, and whether they are real, or only a dream.Puck as a trickster has both a comic and a darker role in the play. The origin of his various names exist in ancient languages mostly with the original meaning of demon, devil, or evil spirit, these names include Puka in old English, Puki in Old Norse, Puke in Swedish, Puge in Danish, Puks in Low German, Pukis in Latvia and Lithuania, (Edwards, 143). Puck is responsible for mocking humans, what fools these mortals be (Shakespeare, 163) performing mischievous deeds and causing much disorder in A Midsummer Nights Dream, but he is ultimately portrayed as a good-natured and generous creature. A fairy in Act Two, Scene One describes Pucks sneaky pranks:Or else you are that shrewd and knavish sprite / Called Robin Goodfellow: are you not he / That frights the maidens of the villagery; / Skim milk, and sometimes labour in the quern, / And bootless make the breathless housewife churn; / And sometime make the drink to bare no barm; / Mislead night wanderers laughing at their harm? (Shakespeare, 156)Tricksters are often marginal characters because they are controlled by nature, rather that society. Pucks physical characteristics are portrayed as animal-like and r eflect the naturalistic instincts that control his actions. Even before Shakespeare, the character Puck was known as a shape shifter who would transform himself into a horse, an eagle, an ass, an old man, a brownie or a hobbit usually in order to carry out his tricks:Ill follow you; Ill lead you about around / Through bog through bush through brake through briar; / Sometime a horse Ill be, sometime a hound / A hog, a headless bear sometime a fire; / And neigh and bark and grunt and roar, and burn, / Like horse, hound, hog, bear, fire at every turn. (Shakespeare, 161)Tricksters are considered primitive, naà ¯ve, even ignorantbut sometimes they posses a wisdom others do not (Wright, 4). Puck is responsible for turning Oberons plan to make Demetrius fall in love with Helena into a disaster. Oberon ordered Puck to go out into the woods and find the pansy, a flower that was allegedly hit by cupids arrow after accidentally missing Queen Elizabeth. By dropping the juice of the pansy i nto Lysenders eyes instead of Demetrius, Puck reveals his foolish side, but he also creates a dark and satiric question in the play (whether he know it or not) regarding love between humans. When Hermia discovers that Lysander no longer loves her, she is struck with anger and bewilderment at how quickly love can reverse itself. In Act Five, Scene One upon hearing the young lovers tale, Thesus gives his explanation stating that:Lovers and madmen have such seething brains, / such shaping fantasies that apprehend / more than cool reason ever comprehends / the lunatic the lover and the poet / are of imagination all compact: / one sees more devils then vast hell can hold; / that is the madman: the lover all is frantic, / sees Helens beauty in a brow of Egypt: / the poets eye, in a fine frenzy rolling / Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven, / And, as imagination bodies forth / The forms of things unknown, the poets pen / Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing / A local habitation and a name. / Such tricks hath strong imagination, / That, if it would but apprehend some joy, / It comprehends some bringer of that joy; / Or in the night / Imagining some fear, / How easy is a bush supposed a bear? (Shakespeare, 169)The problem that Puck creates reveals the absurdity of love. Theseus compares the lover to the madman and the poet explaining that each doesnt see the world as it is, but constructs it through their own minds or imagination rather than reason.Puck not only connects the human world to the fairy world by rubbing the potion on the Athenians eyes, he also interrupts Thisbe, Quince and Pyramus rehearsing their play and he leads Lysader and Demetrius away from each other so they wont fight over Helena and Hermia. No other fairy in the play comes this close to the human world. Both the evil and good side of Pucks nature is revealed in these two scenes. He gets great joy out of frightening the actors in the forest, who are so overcome by the sight of Bottom and Puck that they run for fear of their lives. O monstrous! O strange! We are haunted. Pray, masters! Fly mastersÃâ¹help! (Shakespeare, 161). Although Puck finds humour in other peoples woe, he also has a tender heart. Rather than seeing Demetrius and Lysander battle with each other over Hermia and Helena, he leads them astray and uses ventriloquism on them, in order to spread the love potion on their eyes and reunite them with their lovers, Follow my voice, well try no manhood here (Shakespeare, 166).Pucks mischief affects the fairies in negative and positive ways. Bringing the magic flower to Oberon in order that he may turn Bottom into an ass is a cruel and nasty joke, but it helps restore Oberon and Titanias relationship and enforces the ÃÅ'absurdity of love theme in the play. In Elizabethan times, the male donkey was proverbial for generous sexual actions, which makes Titanias love for Bottom seem even more comic. Earlier in the play Helena states things base and vile, holding no quantity, love can transpose to form and dignity. Love looks not with the eyes but with the mind, and is therefore wingd cupid painted blind (Shakespeare, 155). This statement truly foreshadows the events in the play, which will reveal how love has the ability to die without warning, and arise without reason. Bottom is in disbelief when Titania seems to fall in love with him, he states, And yet, to say the truth, reason and love keep little company together these days (Shakespeare, 161). Puck wants to see the world as it should be, or could be. By transforming Bottom into an ass and allowing Titania to fall in love with him, Shakespeare is using Puck to metaphorically present the audience with a dream world in which it is not out of the ordinary for a beautiful woman to fall in love with a hideous beast.At the end of the play, Puck speaks directly to the audience. He is the only character in the play to do this, thus reinstating his auth ority and reality over the other characters. Puck presents some curiously powerful statements in his speech, which imply that the entire play was a dream and the characters within it were only shadows. This atmosphere is also created earlier in the play when Demetrius states upon waking, Are you sure that we are awake? It seems to me that yet we sleep, we dream (Shakespeare, 168). Puck also implies that the play was not only a dream, but that the audience was actually dreaming during the performance. The significance of using this idea is to challenge the audience to ponder over what they perceive to be real, and what is only a construction within the imagination.An interesting fact is that Puck finds and uses the most important symbol in the play, the pansy. The meaning of pansy is love in idleness, therefore, Puck is not rubbing the Athenians eyes with a true love potion, he is actually rubbing idleness in their eyes. Knowing this, the whole play takes on a very satirical t one defining love as vain, empty and having no value or significance. Puck remarks in the play, that only one male human in a million keeps his promises, Then fate oer-rules, one man holding a million fail, confounding oath to oath (Shakespeare, 163). It should be noted that it is the males in the play that do not keep their promises, and they are also the ones quickly led astray by Pucks mischief. Puck states that Cupid is a knavish lad, thus to make poor females mad (Shakespeare, 166). This statement puts females on the suffering end of the love union, for Shakespeare could have easily replaced the word females with humans. Although this play is a comedy at times, the dark undertones expose themselves more and more as the play progresses.In his end speech, Puck uses a mysteriously eerie tone that reflects the darkness hiding beneath the comic surface of A Mid Summer Nights Dream. Before Pucks speech, the fairies and humans had gathered to watch Pirumus and Thisbes ridiculous play, which Hippolita refers to as The silliest stuff that ever I heard (Shakespeare, 170). The seriousness of Pucks speech is accentuated because it follows directly after this comical production. Puck states:Now the hungry lion roars, / And the wolf behowles the moon; / Whilst the heavy plowman snores, / All with weary task fordone. / Now the wasted brands do glow, whilst the scritch owl, scratching loud, / Puts the wretch that lies in woe / In remembrance of a shroud. / Now it is the time of night / That the graves, all gaping wide / Everyone lets forth its sprite, / In the church-way paths to glide: / And we fairies, that do run / By the triple Hecates team, / From the presence of the sun / Following darkness like a dream, / Now are frolic; not a mouse / Shall disturb this hallod house: / I am sent with broom before, to sweep the dust behind the door. (Shakespeare, 173)Puck seems to be speaking of the running down of human life. As night and darkness approaches, the graves a re gaping wide, the plowman snores, and the wretch lies in woe. The idea being presented here is that humans are considered real, but ultimately, they grow old and die whereas fairies live in the imagination, and the imagination will never die. This forces the audience to ponder over what is more real, our dreams, or reality as we know it.Shakespeare brought fame to Puck, who was known in mythology as being two separate creatures, Puck and Robin Goodfellow. Shakespeares Puck has since been reproduced in paintings by William Blake, Henry Fuseli, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and even in modern comic book drawings. It has also been questioned whether Robin Hood took his name from the fairy Robin Goodfellow. Both characters have very much in common, they were known to give travellers a hard time, Puck was a shape shifter and Robin Hood was a master in disguise. Gillian Edwards notes that, The Goodfellow in Robin Goodfellows name could either mean a boon companion or a thief (Edwards, 143). Although Puck is not a central character in the play, he holds the most important role. His interconnection with the human world has a direct negative and positive effect on the lives of the Athenians. By changing Bottoms head into an ass, Puck restores Oberons and Titanias relationship while sending out the message to the audience that ÃÅ'love is blind at the same time. Pucks knowledge and wisdom is made visible through his mocking of how serious humans regard love and friendship, while turning around and betraying it a moment later. He states at the end of the play, And this weak and idle theme, no more yielding then a dream (Shakespeare, 173) implying that the theme of the play is weak and idle, this theme being love. Puck truly succeeds at carrying out Shakespeares dark and lingering question, what is love but a mere fantasy, a poets imaginary paradise, a madmans frantic vision a womans momentary disillusionment?Works CitedShakespeare, William. The Complete Works of Willia m Shakespeare Crown Publishers Inc. United States of America, pages 153-173 Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-40573442739469421292020-05-17T03:17:00.001-07:002020-05-17T03:17:06.158-07:00Apartheid in South Africa - 711 Words Racial discrimination dominated South Africa in 1948, and this was further witnessed when the ruling party made the discriminatory apartheid policy into law, in the same year (Pfister, 2005). The Afrikaans word, which literally translates to racial discrimination ââ¬Ëapartheidââ¬â¢, was legislated and it started with the Dutch and the British rulers. The initiators of apartheid applied it to all social nature of the South African people. For instance, the majority of the population who were Africans was barred from mingling with the whites. Further discrimination was witnessed in 1950, when the policy of registration of population came into place (Sonneborn, 2010). The policy provided that, South African citizen be categorized as Whites, Africans and mixed decent. The mixed groups were the Indians and Asians. The Ministry for Internal Affairs was charged with the mandate of categorizing citizens based on race and color. The apartheid policy of 1948 had huge impact in the South African society for many years until the countryââ¬â¢s independence in 1994 (Allen, 2005). In 1951, an improvement of the apartheid policy was legislated, which outlined where each race was to occupy. For instance, the whites occupied vast acres of land. The Black Africans occupied smaller acres of land (Pfister, 2005). The Bantu Homelands Act, for instance, made the land occupied by the Blacks independent states. This move saw the Africans revoked off their citizenship and became aliens in White dominatedShow MoreRelatedThe Apartheid Of South Africa1174 Words à |à 5 PagesSome periods in human history are simply shameful. The period of apartheid policy in South Africa was one of these times. Apartheid featured a rebirth of racist legislature in South Africa from the 1950s to the 1990s. Essentially, these laws treated people who were not white as completely separate from society; the term apartheid literally means ââ¬Å"apartness.â⬠The national legislature in South Africa wanted to suppress blacks and ensure a white supremacy in the government. Basically, po liticalRead MoreSouth Africa Apartheid And Oppression1695 Words à |à 7 Pages South Africa Apartheid (oppression) Oppression is at the root of many of the most serious, enduring conflicts in the world today. Racial and religious conflicts; conflicts between dictatorial governments and their citizens; the battle between the sexes; conflicts between management and labor; and conflicts between heterosexuals and homosexuals all stem, in whole or in part, to oppression. Itââ¬â¢s similar to an article in south africa that people have with racial segregationRead MoreApartheid and The Future of South Africa in Cry, The Beloved Country1044 Words à |à 5 Pagesall characters from Alan Patonââ¬â¢s book, Cry, The Beloved Country, are used to share Patonââ¬â¢s points of view on the future of South Africa and the apartheid. Paton uses these characters to represent specific views; Arthur expresses clearly that the apartheid isnââ¬â¢t the right way to progress as a country, Napoleon exemplifies how Paton thinks people should take the anti-apartheid effort, and Msimangu explicitly expresses Patonâ â¬â¢s ideas of an ideal leader. Arthur Jarvis was the son of James Jarvis, anRead MoreEssay on South Africa Under Apartheid: A Totalitarian State1356 Words à |à 6 PagesDuring the Apartheid Era, there emerged from South Africa cases of gross human rights abuse, racism, police brutality and general mistreatment of the non-white population. Excluding the fact that South Africa was never ruled by a dictator, it can be argued that some of these features were totalitarian and that South Africa was, to a certain extent, a totalitarian state under Apartheid. This discussion will analyse the totalitarian features that were apparent during Apartheid, and will be structuredRead MoreTo What Extent Did The Collapse Of Apartheid South Africa ( 1991 ) Really Bring About Change For The Bantu Population1458 Words à |à 6 PagesTo what extent did the collapse of Apartheid in South Africa (1991) really bring about change for the Bantu population? The collapse of Apartheid in South Africa (1991) brought only a small amount of change for the Bantu population. South still faces racism in society, due to the continual domination by the ââ¬Å"whiteâ⬠population with race interaction limited to the false ââ¬Å"rainbowâ⬠television campaigns and promotional Africa strategies. At the close of Apartheid, a number of false statements were usedRead MoreHow and why did the apartheid system come into existence in South Africa and how was its existence maintained and enforced for so long?1593 Words à |à 7 PagesThe term apartheid was one of the most politically charged words in the second half of the 20th century, and still remains notorious today. Apartheid translated from Afrikaans means separateness or apartness. However when the National Party came to power in South Africa in 1948, it took on a much more sinister meaning and today is associated with racial and ethnic discrimination. The roots of apartheid stem deep into South African history. It started way back during European settlement, andRead MoreApartheid in South Africa1118 Words à |à 5 PagesApartheid In South Africa APARTHEID Apartheid is the political policy of racial segregation. In Afrikaans, it means apartness, and it was pioneered in 1948 by the South African National Party when it came to power. Not only did apartheid separate whites from non-whites, it also segregated the Blacks (Africans) from the Coloureds (Indians, Asians). All things such as jobs, schools, railway stations, beaches, park benches, public toilets and even parliament. Apartheid alsoRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1159 Words à |à 5 PagesDuring the year of 1948, the lives of south Africans changed forever. The National Party, which was an all-white government, gained power and created hell for non-white citizens, their goal was to have white people continue to dominate the country and to keep each race separated from each other; even though at the time whites were only 20% of the population. The apartheid, which literally means ââ¬Å"apartnessâ⬠lasted until 1991, and during this time many acts were passed. One being that ââ¬Å"non-white AfricansRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa Essay1742 Words à |à 7 PagesNelson Mandela and protesters during South Africa s journey away from apartheid. Itââ¬â¢s a curious ponder, in fact, that Americaââ¬â¢s and South Africaââ¬â¢s ascents from racial discrimination were possibly involved with each other. However, while the world may be convinced the nation is out of racist dep ths, evidence displays the rise from discrimination in South Africa is undeniably incomplete. There is a dangerous and unresolved influence of apartheid in South Africa today. After World War 2 was won byRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1333 Words à |à 6 Pageshistory of South Africa all we could see is racial discrimination. Africa was all in control of Whites till 1994. South Africa got free from racial discrimination when Nelson Mandela took a step became the first black prime minister of South Africa. Contemporary South Africa is now economically strong and it is completely a racial free state. The contemporary South Africa is now in race with every state in every field. Before 1994 South Africa was completely under control of Apartheid. WHO IS APARTHEID Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-53933315878164641982020-05-06T18:45:00.001-07:002020-05-06T18:45:30.526-07:00The Number Of Grandparents Raising Grandchildren - 1310 Words Introduction The number of grandparents raising grandchildren is on the rise. According to Paola Scommegna (2012): Growing numbers of children in the United States are living with a grandparent. In 2010, about one in 14 U.S. children (7 percent) lived in a household headed by a grandparentââ¬âfor a total of 5.4 million children, up from 4.7 million in 2005. (p. 1) A six week psychoeducational group would be beneficial for grandparents who become custodial grandparents. The group should consist of approximately 20 participants and last 90 minutes each week. Facilitators should use solution focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and strengths perspective. Facilitators should also be culturally competent. Each weekly session should focus on topics that are relevant to the group. Weekly Outline Week One The plan for the first week is to build rapport and introduce members and facilitators. Group rules should be established this session. Basic parenting skills will be the education address during this time. The group will identify and discuss daily care, medication usage and health, hygiene, age appropriate discipline, time management, and modeling positive behavior (Systems, 2007, pp. A1-A5). Participants need to be provided with a note pad so they may take notes. Participants will also list their strengths and weaknesses of the skills discussed. They should also be encouraged to keep a journal of daily activities, behaviors, and responses. Discussing these basic skillsShow MoreRelatedChildren s Own Child s Children Essay1728 Words à |à 7 PagesAt times grandparents will have to raise their own childââ¬â¢s children. This could be due to a variety of reasons including addiction, incarceration, or the incapability of providing adequate childcare. Grandparentââ¬â¢s ar e valuable resources when it comes to raising grandchildren, they can provide knowledge and help when it comes to raising a child. Often times grandparents provide part time childcare but other times they become a surrogate parent to their grandchildren. When a grandparent becomes theRead MoreGrandparents Raising Grandchildren At The United States1090 Words à |à 5 PagesGrandparents Raising Grandchildren 1 Tesia Echaves CHLD 112 April 6, 2016 Grandparents Raising Grandchildren In The United States Grandparents Raising Grandchildren 2 Paola Scommegna is a senior writer/editor at the Population Reference Bureau.http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2012/US-children-grandparents.aspx. In this article Bureau states that in March 2012 the growing number of children in the United States are living with a grandparent. In 2010, about one inRead MoreParenting for the Second Time Essay1092 Words à |à 5 Pageschallenge the first time around, but many parents are finding themselves parenting for a second time, this time around, as the childââ¬â¢s grandparents. Grandparents may assume the role of parent for their childââ¬â¢s children when there are problems of substance abuse, abuse and neglect, incarceration, HIV/AIDS, mental illness, divorce, and death. (Dolbin-MacNab, 2006, p.1) Grandparents usually are not expecting to have to parent again, this is the time most are enjoying their new found freedom. They expect to haveRead MoreGrandmothers : An Essential Role1704 Words à |à 7 PagesMadonna Harrington Meyer in the article Grandmothers juggling work and grandchildren in the United States shows that a large number of grandmother enjoy providing care to their gr andchildren. A number of grandmothers have also shown that they felt the responsibility to take care of their grandchildren. Life histories, culture and social expectations pressure the grandmother to accept the responsibility for their grandchildren and adult children. Life histories, culture and social expectations equallyRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effect On Children1719 Words à |à 7 PagesMany grandparents are happy to take care of grandkids in their parentsââ¬â¢ absence, but with this responsibility comes added stress, possible negative physical and mental consequences, financial stress, and unanticipated legal issues. The number of these households has been on the rise in the recent decades and none for positive reasons. On an optimistic note, there is also the richness and complexities of the experiences of grandparents raising their grandchildren, the positive aspects of feeling loveRead MoreRole Identity Conflict For Grandparents Raising Grandchildren2172 Words à | à 9 PagesIdentity Conflict for Grandparents Raising Grandchildren Throughout history, grandparents have played a part in the raising of their grandchildren. Most usually this involved grandparents helping parents economically, physically, or emotionally but in some cases such as death or abandonment by a parent; grandparents have been left the total care of their grandchildren. In recent years, however, the trend of grandparents raising their grandchildren has grown by exponential numbers. There is some evidenceRead MoreGrandparents Raising Grandchildren2234 Words à |à 9 PagesRunning head: Grandparents Raising Grandchildren Grandparents Raising Grandchildren Willie Williams Paine College Sociology of aging Professor S. W. Godbee, LMSW February 28th, 2013 Table of Contents I. Abstract II. Introduction III. Review of Literature/ Compare Contrast A. Reasons for grandparents raising grandchildren B. Legal issues C. Financial issues D. Healthcare Issues E. PositiveRead MoreEssay about Family and Grandparents3817 Words à |à 16 PagesGrandparents Raising Grandchildren Tanya McDonald Research and Urban Social Problems Professor Dr. Melissa B. Littlefield March 30, 2008 Table of Contents Page Introduction â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦... 3 Abstract â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..4 Literature Review â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..4 Hypothesisâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.11 Methodologyâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.11 Data Collectionâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.11 Sourceâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦l1 Locationâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Read MoreChallenges Faced when Grandparents Raise Grandchildren2270 Words à |à 10 PagesGrandparents Raising Grandchildren Loni Higgins University of New Mexico Introduction There has been a drastic increase in recent years of grandparents raising their grandchildren. Statistics have shown that between 1970 and 2000, the number of grandchildren being raised in a grandparent-headed household has actually doubled from 2.2 million to 4.4 million (Hayslip Glover, 2009). Research has also shown that more than half of of these children are under the age of sixRead MoreA Grandparent And Grandchild2687 Words à |à 11 PagesABSTRACT This paper defines the challenges that both grandparents and grandchildren face when they are involved in a skipped-generation household. Custodial grandparents face many obstacles and stressors when they take on the role of caregiver to their grandchildren. The children also face many difficulties when living in a household without their biological parents. This can be both a rewarding experience but also very trying one for both grandparent and grandchild. With the help of supportive systems Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-69164366615710282902020-05-05T23:53:00.001-07:002020-05-05T23:53:15.472-07:00Taylorist Strategies-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com Questions: 1.Would workers in Australia, America or Europe accept the Taylorism in this form today? 2.Consider the design of scripts for use in Call Centres, can you see Taylorism in that? Explain. Answers: Executive summary: The following sections try to find if there is any relevance for Taylorism in todays world. The management and the employees from most organizations of the developed world neither completely reject it nor they accept it at its original form. They take the effective elements from Taylorism and mix it with other relevant business theories and strategies in order improve their organizational performance. It has also been found that in countries like India fast food companies or call centre organizations apply Taylorism extensively. 1.Ford and Taylorism: The Taylorism in its original form is not used by the workers of Australia, Europe and America today. However the theory is not completely obsolete from the business practice, the application of Taylorism in contemporary organizations has gone through modification, up gradation and addition of other strategies (Waring 2016). Most organizations discredit the practice of Taylorism in the organizations. Most organizations in the world do not count Taylorism as the only way to control the employees and improve productivity (Nyland, Bruce and Burns 2014). Most companies in todays world criticize Taylorisms approach of giving maximum importance to money. Many charity based organizations do not work on the concept of profit making so the Taylorism is not adapted by them. There are situations when the need for Taylorism arises in the organizational workforce. When the organizations perform poorly or needs to increase the profit they tend to adapt this theory. In order to effectively use the Taylorism for their companies, the managers of today combine Herzberg, Maslow or Fayols theory with it (Parker 2016). Depending upon the structure and product of the company the management decides if the Taylorism should be applied or not. The concept of Taylorism is majorly focused on labors and organizational strategies. Taylor reexamined the manual labor work process and applied constant monitoring in order to gain maximum productivity. Organizations like call centre apply Taylorism successfully (Schermerhorn, 2013). The management in Indian call centres keeps monitoring constantly and manages the employee performance in their desired direction (Sinha and Gabriel 2016). The large fast food companies like McDonalds use Taylorism in their business effectively (Babajana and Webber 2015). Especially the motion and time management from the scientific management is effectively used by the managements in Dubai or India, where the management has to control large number of employees and satisfy more number of customers quickly. 2.Executive summary: BCGs Yves Morieux suggests that organizational structure decides which strategies the organization should adapt in order to secure productivity. Sometimes the strategies decide the structure as well. The organizational performance is largely depended on the organizational strategies and structure. The leadership must value the employees as in order to develop their efficiency. The management leadership must ensure that the organizational structure is aligned with the organizational strategies. Structure and Strategy: Competitive advantage is centrally focused on organizations. Organizational strategy can be understood from the behavior of the people associated with the organization. The organizations can get immense advantage from utilizing the employees advantages (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The organizations mainly struggle with transforming the strategies into the organizational structure, processes and systems (YouTube 2017). The organizations must also consider the other way as well. The strategies also depend on the organizational performance. If the organization is performing badly it will not result in effective strategies. Yves Morieux suggests that if there are too many between the decision making level of top leadership and the operations of the management the organization will be fail to identify the threats and problems related to the companys market opportunities. As a result the leadership will come up with wrong decisions. In an effective organization, the equal treatment towards it s employees makes them efficient towards the company and results in improved performance (Wagner and Hollenbeck 2014). The bureaucracy is born out of the strategies of efficiency and equity. However he believes that a doom loop of bureaucracy is developed because the decision makers believe that more definite rules will increase the controlling power and increases the profitability (Morieux and Tollman 2014). It is not just enough for the company to come up with right strategies but the more important for the company is to implement them effectively. The organizations want to ensure maximum productivity so they often apply a difficult strategy which eventually create complexity and affects the productivity. If the best strategies are not implemented effectively they will result moderately. To develop a sustainable competitive advantage the decision makers should be able to influence the organizational behavior and decide the strategic goals (Epstein and Buhovac 2014). The changing t echnological and economic environment of today is encouraging new organizational models with more focused autonomous management teams. The managers establish a strategic direction that is followed by the organizational structure. In an effective organization the structure and strategies work hand in hand. Conclusion Most companies have rejected maximum part of the Taylorism in todays world. To manage certain situations like bad economic benefit or employee productivity they tend to apply Taylorism. Also certain business and services requires the Taylorist strategies in order to control the employees successfully. Other effective business theories are often combined with Taylorism by the companies in order to gain maximum employee efficiency and productivity. Most organizational strategies are only focused on making profit and in that process they ignore the needs of organizational structure. The management takes care of the employee need and develops such strategies that are capable of generating profit without compromising with the organizational structure. The successful combination strategies and structure makes the company achieve its desired goals References Babajana, Z. and Webber, A., 2015. Organisational Behaviour. Nyland, C., Bruce, K. and Burns, P., 2014. Taylorism, the international labour organization, and the genesis and diffusion of codetermination.Organization Studies,35(8), pp.1149-1169. Parker, L.D., 2016. The global Fayol: contemporary management and accounting traces.Entreprises et histoire, (2), pp.51-63. Schermerhorn, J.R., 2013.Management. John Wiley Sons. Sinha, S. and Gabriel, Y., 2016. 5 Call Centre Work: Taylorism with a Facelift.Re-Tayloring Management: Scientific Management a Century On, p.87. Waring, S.P., 2016.Taylorism transformed: Scientific management theory since 1945. UNC Press Books Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014.Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Morieux, Y. and Tollman, P., 2014.Six simple rules: how to manage complexity without getting complicated. Harvard Business Review Press. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. YouTube. (2017).Organization Design: BCG's Yves Morieux on organization and competitive advantage. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jm7d1dzOKmw [Accessed 23 Aug. 2017]. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-64966464218832926532020-04-19T14:58:00.001-07:002020-04-19T14:58:02.539-07:00Olympic Essays - Presidents Of The International Olympic Committee Olympic Games The Olympic Games, an international sports competition, are held once every four years at a different site, where athletes from different nations compete against each other in a wide variety of sports. There are two classifications of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics. Through 1992 they were held in the same year, but beginning in 1994 they were rescheduled so that they are held in alternate even-numbered years. For example, the Winter Olympics were held in 1994 and the Summer Olympics in 1996. The Winter Olympics were next held in 1998 in Nagano, Japan, while the Summer Olympics will next occur in 2000 in Sydney, Australia. The Olympic Games are administered by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. The IOC was created in Paris in 1894 as an independent committee selecting its own members but "to begin the process, however, Coubertin himself chose the first 15 members"(White 60). IOC members are officially considered to be "representatives from the IOC to their own nations, not delegates from their own countries to the IOC"(White 65). Most members are elected to the IOC after serving on the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of their own countries. The first IOC members were all from either Europe or the Americas, with the exception of one representative from New Zealand. Currently, members from European and North American countries still account for a majority of the IOC membership. IOC members must retire at the end of the year in which they reach the age of 80, unless they were elected before 1966, in which case they can serve for life. The IOC oversees such functions as determining the site of the Olympic Games, the establishment of worldwide Olympic policies, and the negotiation of Olympic television broadcast rights. The IOC works closely with the NOCs and with the International Amateur Athletic Federation (the international governing body for track and field), and other international sports federations (ISFs) to organize the Olympics. The ISFs are responsible for the "international rules and regulations of the sports they govern"(Gary 22). The IOC president, who is chosen by IOC members, is assisted by an executive board, several vice presidents, and a number of IOC commissions. The IOC's first president, Demetrius Vik?las of Greece (served 1894-1896), was succeeded by Coubertin himself (1896-1925). The other IOC presidents have been Count Henri de Baillet-Latour of Belgium (1925-1942), J. Sigfrid Edstr?m of Sweden (1946-1952), Avery Brundage of the United States (1952-1972), Michael Morris, Lord Killanin, of Ireland (1972-1980), and Juan Antonio Samaranch of Spain (1980-) . In order to host the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the IOC, and after all proposals have been submitted, the IOC will vote. If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with successive rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance in the hopes of allowing the winning city adequate time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, mainly among them is which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively as well as efficiently. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico City, the host of the 1968 Summer Games, "were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America"(Gorman 69). Because of the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city's time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the United States or Canada, American television networks are willing to pay significantly higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live, in prime viewing hours. Once the Games have been awarded, it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee-not the IOC or the NOC of the host city's country-to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television revenues and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources, such as commemorative postage stamps or proceeds from a national lottery. In many cases there is also some direct government support. Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. Montreal, Canada, for example, spent a great deal of money preparing Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-48346926111558307952020-03-15T03:12:00.001-07:002020-03-15T03:12:03.337-07:00Complete Guide on How to Write a Logistics Essay CoherentlyComplete Guide on How to Write a Logistics Essay Coherently Writing a logistics essay is one of many other assignments students need to write if they want to hold a degree. They have this writing assignment because it helps them to understand the key principles of transporting things such as goods to the place where they are needed. Besides, this type of essay can be required not only of those who major in Logistics, but also of those who study Business Management, Supply Chain Management, or even Business Technology since these fields may include the rapid transportation of products as an effective strategy of running a business. So what to do if youââ¬â¢re assigned with logistics essay writing? Keep calm! Yes, youââ¬â¢ll need to make considerable efforts to achieve the desired result an A/A+ paper. Different aspects of logistics can be offered you to write on in your essay. Logistics learns the processes of organizing product distribution and creating plans that ensure effective product placement. Besides, you can draw on international and domestic transportation, shipping, and logistics systems. A significant number of students from different directions should write this type of essay with the aim of strengthening their skills in logistics and inventory management. What is more, since the logistics essay is one of the forms of academic essay, you should strictly follow its structure to receive a high mark. In the meantime, know: How to choose a topic relevant for your essay writing; What types of essays exist in the academic field; How to get started writing a logistics essay, etc. How to Choose a Topic So That It Will Be Interesting to Write on This part of writing a logistics essay is very important because the success of the entire paper depends on a topic you choose. It can be explained by the fact that if you select a broad topic, your essay will be too general. Therefore, you should choose the topic for your logistics essay carefully. Usually, your professor may provide you with a list of topics. Alternatively, you have to choose a good logistics essay topic on your own. The following fields of logistics are appropriate for your future essay: Supply chain strategy; Global transportation; Warehouse management; Materials handling; International logistics; The topic of your essay should correspond to your level of knowledge. For instance, if you choose to describe the central principles of logistics, you have to present the basic concepts of product distribution, methods of transportation, and traffic management techniques. Besides, you can also draw on protective packaging, inventory control, and customer service. On the contrary, if you select warehouse management as the topic for your logistics essay, you will have to show how to manage changing logistics systems or how to implement changes in order to create a more efficient process. As a result, one may state that the second topic is much more complicated than the first one, and as a consequence, it requires much more efforts in order to precisely cover all its aspects. Moreover, there is a method that is likely to help you to choose a topic for your essay brainstorming, which is a multifunctional technique that can not only assist you in selecting a topic, but will also help you organize and plan the entire essay. The central idea of this technique is to get as many thoughts as possible down on the paper with the help of timed writing sessions. In general, in order to save time, you may organize your ideas using a list or bullet points. When you have been just assigned to write a logistics essay, you start thinking about possible topics, and therefore, you should start brainstorming in that second. When you have finished writing your ideas, you have to peruse the list of ideas and choose the most interesting of them. What Types of Essay You Can Be Asked to Deal with Before you start writing the essay, you have to select the manner of presentation of the selected topic. Since there are plenty of essay types, the information can be conveyed in different ways. Commonly, there are four types of logistics essay, in particular descriptive, definition, compare/contrast, and argumentative. 1. Descriptive Logistics Essays This type of essay requires you to describe the concept, method, or strategy of the selected subject. Therefore, you should create a written account of a certain experience. If you choose ââ¬Å"International logisticsâ⬠as your topic, you should describe the concept of international logistics, and as a consequence, you may draw on general ideas of the system that manages the forward and reverse movement of materials into, through, and out of an international organization. Hence, you should describe each detail of the process mentioned before using a list-like description in order to demonstrate each point. In addition, you can present this system by using the example of some companies that supply their products across the border. As a result, the central idea of this type of essay is to present as many details as possible. 2. Definition Logistics Essays The definition logistics essay should define the term, concept, or method within the field of logistics by providing a personal commentary of what the particular matter means. Therefore, you should recognize the subjectââ¬â¢s key aspects in order to start writing definition logistics essay. For example, if you want to define material handling, you should claim that it is the protection, movement, control, and storage of products and materials throughout production, storing, distribution, consumption, and annihilation. In addition, you can define each process mentioned earlier. That is why this type of essay should be accurately detailed and well-explained. 3. Comparison/Contrast Logistics Essays If you select the warehouse management as the topic subject for the comparison/contrast logistics essay, you may describe the warehouse management in different companies or countries. Therefore, at first, you have to identify and explain at least three primary points two or more companies/countries have in common. Furthermore, you should demonstrate the similarities and differences between the selected points. It means that you have to investigate the warehouse management of all selected companies or countries to provide the reader with relevant and accurate information. Consequently, this type of essay requires in-depth research so that you could be able to support your arguments accurately. 4. Argumentative Logistics Essays The primary aim of this type of essay is to investigate a topic with the help of collection, generation, and evaluation of evidence, and therefore, at the end of the argumentative essay, you should establish a position on the topic in a concise way. The argumentative logistics essay requires extensive research in order to support each point clearly. For example, if you choose global transportation as the topic for your logistics essay, you may investigate its advantages and disadvantages to suggest some probable improvements. Hence, when you present an argument, you should support it with the help of study or research. Besides, you may conduct an empirical research by collecting data through interviews, observations, surveys, and even experiments. If you choose to perform your own research, you will receive priceless experience and investigate the topic deeper. However, you should inform the professor of your intentions in order to prevent any misunderstanding. Despite the fact that all of the types of essay mentioned before are different, all of them have some common features and requirements. For example, you have to use a clear and concise language while writing the essay. It means that you should choose the words carefully considering their relevance to describe the object accurately. Furthermore, you should avoid using personal pronouns because it is not appropriate in an academic essay. In addition, each of the essays presented above has a particular structure, which consists of an Introduction, Main Body, and Conclusion. How to Start Writing the Logistics Essay The earlier you start writing, the better result you will receive the truth checked by many real professionals in writing. You may apply the technique which is called brainstorming. With the help of this technique, you will be able to collect all your ideas. Apart from that, when you have finished creating the list of ideas, you should outline the entire paper. Consequently, you will know what to write in each paragraph. As a result, if you apply at least these two techniques, your further writing process will be much easier and faster. How to Structure the Logistics Essay Properly As it was mentioned before, each type of essay has the same structure, which consists of an introduction, main body, and conclusion. However, each essay has its peculiarities; for example, an argumentative logistics essay should contain the bare facts, which are supported by study or research. What is more, each argument has to be described in detail in order to present the selected topic accurately. Usually, an argumentative essay consists of five paragraphs, such as an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs with some evidence, and a logical conclusion. However, the professor may ask you to write a long argumentative essay to check your understanding of the selected topic. Additionally, you may have to discuss the credibility of selected sources and present various viewpoints on the issue before concluding the essay. Hence, different types of essay have some distinct peculiarities, which have to be considered while choosing the type of logistics essay writing. Title Is What Your Logistics Essay Starts with A compelling title is important because it is the first point that every reader looks at. Therefore, you have to create a title which will represent the topic of the logistics essay to the fullest extent. The following titles are good examples. If you want to choose ââ¬Å"International logisticsâ⬠as your topic, stick to the next possible titles for essays: The Key Principles of International Logistics That Differ from Local Logistics International Logistics Strategies: What Is the Most Effective for the Globalized World? The United States Logistics Channels: Frequency of Access The Key International Logistics Stages Are Essential to Pass Through; Moreover, you can make your logistics essay more specific if you focus on a particular country or region. Introduction Comes First an an Important Part to Attract the Reader The central purpose of this part in an essay is to present the background information on the selected topic. Besides, it should grab the readersââ¬â¢ attention and increase the interest to read the essay to the end. In general, the introductory paragraph should not be long and detailed. Its name suggests that it only introduces the topic to the reader. If you choose ââ¬Å"Description of the International Logistics Stagesâ⬠as a title of your essay, the reader expects to find what stages youââ¬â¢re going to describe. You are not allowed to use any in-text citations in this paragraph. Apart from that, you have to create a thorough thesis statement to expand it further with the help of supporting details. It is one of the most significant elements of the essay since it presents the arguments that you will justify in the main body. Therefore, the introduction should present the central focus of the essay, outline its content, and state the thesis. Main Body of Your Essay Is a Big Deal It is not less important to come up with a well-developed main part than to write a good introduction. Its main purpose is to support the thesis statement mentioned in the introduction. In this part of the logistics essay, you have to present various stages of the international logistics in detail. Moreover, you can demonstrate the viewpoints of different logistics experts to describe the matter from various perspectives. As it was mentioned before, this part of the essay should contain at least three paragraphs. Therefore, three strong arguments should be presented and supported by in-depth research in every main paragraph. What is more, each of those paragraphs should include a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence. Unlike the introductory paragraph, you are allowed and even encouraged to apply various sources of information to support your arguments precisely. Apart from that, you should use different linking words to make your paper coherent and cohesive . Conclusion to End Logically Your Logistics Essay The concluding part of the logistics essay should restate the thesis statement and summarize the main ideas expressed in the body. While writing the argumentative logistics essay, for instance, you have to list all arguments briefly. It is the last chance to convince the reader. Same as in the introducing paragraph, you are not allowed to use in-text citations as well as present new information. How to Refine the Logistics Essay The best way to hone your logistics essay is to read it again and again to the effect that you can say, ââ¬Å"It sounds and look pretty wellâ⬠. It would be better if you reread the essay in a few days. That way, it would help you to look at the essay content from a fresh perspective. It means that you will be able to spot more possible mistakes. Therefore, you have to start writing your essay beforehand in order to have enough time for proofreading. However, most students (you may be no exception) tend to procrastinate till the last minute. Luckily, it is not just you who can read out your paper quickly and professionally. This another person is supposed to have the strong writing and proofreading skills. You may ask your friends or even parents to read your essay to understand whether it is coherent and cohesive. If you doubt in your or someoneââ¬â¢s proofreading skills, take or suggest taking the test. Donââ¬â¢t be afraid of asking an outside person whether the overall essay is interesting and easy to read. By doing so, you can add some additional examples to make it better or specific. Consequently, if you apply most of these recommendations, you will be able to eliminate most of mistakes made by an average student. Be an excellent student in your college! Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-49626422468500315102020-02-27T17:36:00.001-08:002020-02-27T17:36:02.892-08:00TLMT313 WEEK 4 FORUM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsTLMT313 WEEK 4 FORUM - Assignment Example The intervention measure for removing oil spills was difficult for the government, as the treatment procedure i.e. ââ¬Ëin-situ burningââ¬â¢ has negative impact on environment. Finally, skimmers are engaged into the task to remove the oil through the use of sorbents in order to trace the left spills. With regard to adverse effect of it in the ecosystem, it was noticed that the pelicans becomes black due to it, fish belly-up with brown sludge and the turtles were noticed to wash up on beaches. However, this spill does not have a major impact over the global oil pricing, as Mexico was not the key producer of oil. However, with an immediate impact of such an unexpected event, the government of the US was highly concerned regarding public health and significantly, adopted different preventive measures for mitigating such incident and loss in future. In this regard, ââ¬ËThe Centers for Disease Control and Preventionââ¬â¢ offered safety measures and advices to the Gulf Coast res idents including the workers involved in the relief program to take precautionary measure and physical examination of toxicity tests on dispersants (The Ocean Portal Team, Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-12716535711882327522020-02-11T10:22:00.001-08:002020-02-11T10:22:02.724-08:00Faith, religion and theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsFaith, religion and theology - Essay Example The theme of equality before God is evident in the case young blind man. According to the Jews, the blind manââ¬â¢s condition is attributed to some curse excluding him as a valuable member of the society, the Samaritan woman gives Jesus who is Jews water against their norms showing the theme of love beyond boundaries. 4. The heresy refers to violations of important religious teachings. It is the rejection of the teachings of the Catholic Church. It says that denying any of the doctrines that are the teachings of Christ is to deny the faith of Christ. Irenaeus of Lyons was opposed to heretics because the knowledge of the apostles came after the resurrection of Christ and the baptism in the Holy Spirit. 5. Synoptic gospels are Mark, Luke, and Mathew since they have similar stories and sequence. The synoptic problems refer to the question of the precise nature of their literary relationship. It seeks to address what order the synoptic was written and did the authors of the latter tex ts use the earlier gospels as directed by their literary sources. The Marcan priority views that the gospel of Mathew and Luke used gospel mark a hypothetical document Q as their source.This shows that Mark was written first and then Mathew and Luke was extracted primarily from it. The synoptic gospels are similar to each other, but each still contains its uniqueness. This is known as the triple tradition. The double problem is the passages shared between Mathew and Luke, which comprises of parables and sayings. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-14377322182603813212020-01-31T07:31:00.001-08:002020-01-31T07:31:03.564-08:00Abercrombie and Fitch report Essay Example for Free Abercrombie and Fitch report Essay Abercrombie Fitch was established in 1892, and originally was a retailer of outdoor and sporting goods. In 1976, it went bankrupted and was acquired by Limited Brands in 1988. Michael Jeffries was nominated to become CEO in 1992, and he dramatically improved the status of AF to be a global fashion retailer. Now the symbol of American style and beloved brand by many customers worldwide, Abercrombie and Fitch produces mainly apparel, fragrance and lifestyle goods targeting at consumers aged from 18 to 25. There are 4 sub-brands in AF which are Abercrombie and Fitch, Abercrombie Kids, Hollister and Gilly Hicks. Each sub-brand has its own characteristics and its positioning in the fashion market is slightly different. Abercrombie Fitch is rooted in East Coast traditions and Ivy League heritage, it is the essence of privilege and casual luxury (Abercrombie and Fitch Co. 2012, P. 3). Abercrombie Kids is for the kids who want to be like their older brothers or sisters and the core concept of it is casual and preppy looks. Hollisterââ¬â¢s heritage stems from Southern California and was designed to represent cool beach style. Gilly Hicks is the newest and smallest brand in AF made only for the girlsââ¬â¢ clothes or underwear. With the opening of a flagship store in Canada in 2005, AF started to enter the global market. Now it has 139 stores outside of the US, and it recently opened stores in Seoul, South Korea and in Shanghai, China to expand into the Asian market. We chose Abercrombie and Fitch since we would like to see how successful this multinational apparel company can be by insisting its All-American style in different cultures. We wanted to explore its unique retail strategy and brand positioning as this brand is sought after a lot of young adult. Several controversial issues of AF were the deciding factor in our choice of company. Work Oriented Culture Of all the methods which exist for explaining cultural differences, ââ¬Å"the dimensional approach is more influentialâ⬠(Peng Meyer, 2011). Geertà Hostede, a Dutch professor, established the overarching theory consisting of five cultural dimensions. The first is power distance which outlines the expectation and acceptance of the unequal distribution of power by the less powerful members of a country (Peng Meyer, 2011). Individualism vs. collectivism is the cultural dimension characterized by whether theà citizens view themselves as distinctly different or dependent upon group involvement. The third cultural dimension is masculinity vs. femininity which refers to the values, traditional male or female, which are held in the highest regard. Determining the extent to which an individual will embrace uncertain circumstances is the uncertainty avoidance dimension. Finally, long-term orientation deals with the emphasis the citizens place upon ââ¬Å"perseverance and savings fo r future bettermentâ⬠(Peng Meyer, 2011). The US is the home country of Abercrombie and Fitch. Power Distance Individuality Masculinity/Femininity Uncertainty Avoidance Long-term Orientation Scoring a 40 caused the US to be in the lower half of the countries for power distance. Hierarchy is ââ¬Å"established for convenienceâ⬠(Geert-hofstede.com, 2014) as superiors are easily accessible and communicate informally. Information is free flowing as managers take input form their subordinates. The US received the highest individuality score of 91. Citizens are considered ââ¬Å"the best joiners in the worldâ⬠(Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). It is not extreme for Americans to work with people with whom they are not familiar as deep friendships are not commonly formed. What an individual is capable of doing or has already done will determine their value of beingà hired or promoted. Ranking 15th on the masculinity scale with a score of 62 indicates a masculine nation. US firms create a culture of ââ¬Å"live to workâ⬠(Geert-hofstede.com, 2014) where higher status and financial rewards are key driving factors. Leaders which are forceful and decisive are highly valu ed. Employees who are less visible and indecisive are not able to attain success With a score of 46, the US is shown to have a below average uncertainty avoidance. Innovation is extremely valued as new ideas are quickly accepted. As compared to firms in higher uncertainty avoidance countries, US firms will quickly go after new, emerging, and risky opportunities. The US is seventh from the bottom of the list for long-term orientation with a score of 29. While future planning is involved in US firmsââ¬â¢ decision making process, quarterly reports are incredibly significant and limit the time firms can look ahead. Employeesââ¬â¢ savings rates in countries such as the US are much lower than those in long-term oriented nations. Home Region Oriented Firm Rugman and Verbeke in 2004 established a triad of economic power consisting of Asia, the EU, and North America. Analysis of 380 firms determined how many were home-region oriented, bi-regional, host-region oriented, or global (Rugman Verbeke, 2004). A home-region oriented firm has ââ¬Å"at least 50% of their sales in their home region of the triadâ⬠(Rugman Verbeke, 2004). To be a bi-regional company, at least 20% of all sales must take place in two regions, but the company cannot have more than 50% in the region where the company is based. If a firm has more than 50% of its sales in a region different than its home region then the firm is considered host region oriented. In order to be global, a firm must have ââ¬Å"at least 20% of their sales in all three regions of the triad, but less than 50% in any one regionâ⬠(Rugman Verbeke, 2004). AF is considered a home region oriented company based upon the released date from 2013. Of the $4,116.9 million in sales, 64.59% or $2,659.09 million is generated in the home region, North America. $1,116.78 million or 27.13% of all their sales take place in the EU region. Asia is far behind as the remaining 8.28% of sales, 341.03 thousand dollars, is dispersed across theà rest of the world. No calculations were needed as the sales figures and percentages were given. (Csimarket.com, 2014). The industry for which AF operates can explain their sales distribution. As the company is in the fashion and retail industry, itsââ¬â¢ sales are incredibly dependent upon the affinity of the customers for specific brands and styles. Since the company is based in North America, the firm is much more familiar with the prevalent style which would need to be present to increase sales. AF also established itself in their home country before expanding. These factors could explain the firmââ¬â¢s international orientation. Ownership Advantages First, one downstream ownership advantage of AF is the possession of a specific brand image which is not easily imitable. The firm operates under different brands Abercrombie Fitch, Abercrombie Kids, Hollister, and Gill Hicks for slightly different targets. Each sub-brand represents a different brand image but they eventually add up to one big image, ââ¬Å"American Coolâ⬠. To the fashion retailers, the most important ownership advantage is their own irreplaceable brand image. In this context, AF has its distinct position in the fashion market and is using their brand image successfully to attract the customers (Abercrombie Fitch Co. 2012, P. 3). Second, the other ownership advantage of AF is itsââ¬â¢ in-store experience. AF stimulates the customersââ¬â¢ senses of sight, sound, smell, and touch by utilizing handsome male models, music, fragrances, rich fabrics and interior design. Customers (mainly females) can get a chance to take a photo with the models, and this became a representative in-store experience of AF. In addition to this, AF uses certain perfume to attract customers and to make them remember AF for a longer time than just seeing, which is called ââ¬Å"scent marketingâ⬠. Also, the stores always play the video of the American beach to emphasize its ââ¬Å"coolâ⬠brand image. AF only sets up the flagship stores and controls them through the managers who are trained in the US and sent to the international flagship stores to monitor the whole operation. This system makes it possible to transfer this in-store experience to the newly established flagship stores very well. Therefore, all AF stores, even thoseà overseas, are committing the standardized in-store experience by offering customers the same experience (Abercrombie and Fitch Co. 2012, p. 4). Uppsala Model Network Internationalization Model Differences ââ¬Å"The Uppsala model views that market knowledge is gained only by operating directly in a market; thus the model focuses on experimental knowledgeâ⬠(Childs Jin 2013, p. 38). According to the Uppsala model, will increase their market commitment gradually based upon their experience in the market and based on the knowledge they gain in the market. On the other hand, according to the Network internationalization model, firms can start their internationalization before they enter the market by settling network relationship in advance. Therefore, firms do not have to follow the stages of the Uppsala model but ââ¬Å"building a number of such relationships constitutes a large and important investment, and once established, and organiza tional or ownership advantageâ⬠(Vahlne Johanson 2013, p. 195). Uppsala Model Network Internationalization Model Similarities Both models consider the network as important knowledge that firms should gain. The network facilitates information and experience by building up the trust in a relationship and also by learning from other market players. Within the Uppsala model, the core concept of the gradual extension of a companyââ¬â¢s internationalization into a market, which gains the company valuable experience, should be based on the interplay with customers, suppliers, and other competitors. As the companyââ¬â¢s network broadens, it can get more knowledge and at the same time its degree of internationalization will become higher. In this context, we can find similarity between the two models. International Trajectory In 2005, AF first opened itsââ¬â¢ flagship store in Canada. Starting from this, AF entered the European market with opening flagship stores in major cities of the European countries, such as London, Milan, Paris, and Amsterdam. On December 15, 2009, AF opened its first Asian flagship store in Tokyo as a starting point to enter the Asian market. Currently, AF owns 19 flagship stores in Canada, 110 in Europe, and 11 in Asia. Among those stores, 39 are sales subsidiaries. In Canada, the Netherlands, and Hong Kong, AF has wholly-owned subsidiaries because there are DCs in those countries, meaning that they are the most important countries in each continent (Abercrombie à Fitch Co. 2012, PP. 19, 101102). Firms who have a strong brand image and possess asset specificity (a unique product or a unique way of doing business) are more likely to internationalize quickly (Childs Jin, 2013). AF is a good example of this case, so it could skip the lower stages of the Uppsala model, such as s poradic exports or exports through sales agents, and could set up the subsidiaries directly overseas, which only takes 7-9à years. Consequently, now we can assume that the company is already in a quite higher stage of the Uppsala-based stages model with its sales subsidiaries and wholly-owned subsidiaries. Degree and Nature of International Sourcing Abercrombie and Fitch does not own factories producing the products and it has not sourced more than 10% of its merchandise from any single member of its approximately 155 vendors in 20 countries, including the United States, China, Vietnam and Guatemala (Abercrombie Fitch Co. 2012, p. 4). In particular, more than 90% of its suppliers are in Asia (Google.com, 2011). The company has established supplier product quality standards to ensure the high quality of fabrics and other materials used in the companyââ¬â¢s products (Abercrombie Fitch Co. 2012, p. 5). Abercrombie and Fitch has two distribution centers (ââ¬Å"DCsâ⬠) in New Albany, Ohio. The two DCs were initially responsible for the distribution of merchandise to the stores and direct-toconsumer customers, both regionally and internationally. Since 2009, AF has offshored its DCs by using a third-party DC (TNT Fashion) in Roosendaal, the Netherlands for the distribution of merchandise to stores and direct-to-consumer cust omers located in Europe and a third-party DC in Hong Kong since 2011 for the distribution of merchandise to stores located in Asia. Its two DCs in New Albany, Ohio currently only support its North American stores, and direct-to-consumer customers outside of Europe (Abercrombie Fitch Co. 2012, p. 5). The nature of offshoring the DCs is to broaden the direct-toconsumer business worldwide and facilitate the international expansion of Abercrombie and Fitch stores in Europe and Asia. Furthermore, Abercrombie and Fitch has a strong, cooperative and long-term relationship with its vendor factories. When the CEO Mike Jeffries was asked about the cost pressures from raw materials and labor costs, he emphasizedà that a strong relationship with vendors has been key since they had assisted AF and been fair in terms of cotton prices and other increases. He also added that AF and vendors have been there for each other for the long term (Barrie, 2010). Strategic Advantages and Drawbacks of International Sourcing and Offshoring The first advantage of international sourcing is that AF can hedge against the supplier risks. Since AF has relationships with over 100 vendors in 20 countries, it can flexibly switch from one source to another when necessary. AF has the ability to increase its total supply capacity. Even if there are a sudden wave of demand for certain products, having a strong relationship with over 100 vendors will ensure AF a certain supply of products and therefore the supply chain will be more stable (Inboundlogistics.com, 2011). However, such global sourcing strategy also brings some disadvantages. The source of production activity is too dispersed; it is a challenge to find qualified executives who know the local business environment and understand the corporationââ¬â¢s inner workings especially in the Asia Pacific region (Inboundlogistics.com, 2011). We would advise Abercrombie and Fitch to send executives from the US to those countries and hire local managers simultaneously to ensure the production activity smooth. The primary advantage of offshoring is to reduce costs. Offshoring its distribution centers in Europe and Asia can save distribution and transportation costs of merchandise to stores in Europe and Asia. However, if the third-party distribution center in the Netherlands or Hong Kong shuts down suddenly, the distribution of merchandise in Europe and Asia will be totally disrupted. Therefore, AF should leverage the risk by running an additional distribution center in some low-cost countries, such as Vietnam. This move will also support AFââ¬â¢s future expansion. Opportunities and Threats in Vietnam Opportunities Labor cost in Vietnam are absolutely lower than that of China (JETRO, 2011) (NWPC, 2014). See Appendix 1 for figure 1. Government policy to attract FDI (Kim, Lee Cheong, 2011). See AppendixThreats 2.à TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) Cost reduction, lead time reduction, and tax benefit. See Appendix 3 for table 1. Currently only 16% of AF clothes are produced in Vietnam (Google.com, 2011). See Appendix 4 for figure 2. Vietnam has a better status for lead times, infrastructure, and working circumstances than other developing countries (Kim, Lee Cheong, 2011). As AF doesnââ¬â¢t operate their own manufacturing facilities but uses vendors, it can be intense competition among the companies who want to attract vendors in Vietnam. Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Sri Lanka which have lower labor cost than Vietnam are trying to develop their infrastructure and manufacturing conditions to attract vendors. In the future, those undeveloped countries can be a threat to the Vietnam market. Minimum wage in Vietnam is increasing by 15% in 2013, and 17% in 2014 (Vettoretti Huyen, 2013). Suggestions for the Emerging Market We suggest establishing a distribution center (DC) in Vietnam as a strategy to create synergy with the new manufacturing facilities in Vietnam. Currently, many global fashion retailers are trying to generate vertical integration in the emerging markets because they can control the demand fluctuation easily and simplify procurement and administrative procedures eliminating the need to deal with a wide variety of suppliers and distributors. If TPP is concluded, the degree of tariffs will decrease, so it would be better to concentrate on upstream investment in Vietnam. Because emerging markets are not wellorganized and there is more lack of conditions than the developed market, owning a DC will be more stable and protective. Eventually, a DC in Vietnam will create good access to the Asian market. Inà overseas developed markets, AF doesnââ¬â¢t own the distribution centers but uses third-party DCs in the Netherlands and Hong Kong. However in Vietnam, we assume that AF would set up a distribution center as a wholly-owned subsidiary. The third-party logistics in outsourcing the whole distribution to a specialized company would reduce the cost. Now AF has only third-party DCs in overseas and there is a threat to be shut down. In order to prevent this situation in advance, owning at least one wholly-owned DC is practical. Because a wholly-owned DC totally controlled by the company, the company can adjust to the demand fluctuation better than a third-party DC. Therefore wholly-owned DC will function as a safety net in a case there is an uncontrollable problem in a third-party DC. Strategic Objectives of Entering China With regard to market seeking, ââ¬Å"China will represent the biggest market potential for our brands,â⬠said Craig Brommers, senior vice president of marketing for AF (Fashionunited.com, 2014). Undoubtedly, China is a huge and growing market with a population of approximately 1.4 billion. Therefore, AF has been trying to locate its potential customers by opening the first flagship store in Shanghai and 8 Hollister stores in different cities since 2012. The company plans to open over 100 new stores under its Hollister and AFs label in China over the next ten years (Fashionunited.com, 2014). With regard to efficiency seeking, there are an abundant suppliers and a low-cost labor force. Specifically, over 60% of its vendors were located in China in 2011 (Google.com, 2011). Also, there has been a distribution center in Hong Kong since 2011. Therefore, AF can achieve lower transportation costs since the delivery is closer to its target markets. Past Foreign Entry Modes Abercrombie and Fitch started its international expansion in London by opening the first overseas flagship store in 2007, and it almost adopted a single foreign entry mode in the last 7 years. AF established a wholly-owned subsidiary when entering a new market, such as the Netherlands, UK, Hongà Kong, Singapore and Japan. However, AF opened its first Hollister store in Dubai in 2013 through a joint venture with Majid Al Futtaim Ventures and an AF flagship store is expected to open in Dubai in 2014 the same way (Majid Al Futtaim Ventures, 2014). For Abercrombie and Fitch, establishing wholly-owned subsidiaries is a better entry mode for international expansion. AF can enjoy full control of the international stores since it pursues an intensely American retail and marketing strategy (Marx, 2010). Therefore, establishing a wholly-owned subsidiary enables AF to integrate the operation of its subsidiaries tightly with itself and to control what the subsidiary should follow. In addition, it takes a lot of efforts to establish an effective relationship in a joint venture and the cultures of the companies may be incompatible. Financially, The parent company can consolidate the results of its wholly-owned subsidiaries into one financial statement (Basu, 2014).Considering that AF is opening more international stores worldwide, the financial reporting would be too complicated if it engages in joint ventures in many different countries. Multinational Strategy Home Replication Stage The multinational strategy of Abercrombie and Fitch closely resembles the home replication strategy. There are several evidences from practice. First of all, the local responsiveness of AFââ¬â¢s international stores is very low. The staff greets shoppers in English, rather than the local language of the foreign countries. This results in foreign customer alienation since some customers will be forced to surface their rusty English during the transaction (Marx, 2010). AF replicates its home country-based competencies such as brand positioning. Sex appeal is a big part of the brandââ¬â¢s charm in the United States; AF also puts this masculine ideal into practice of its international stores. Particularly, many of the male staff members are half-naked in the stores (Marx, 2010). Finally, the implementation of its marketing strategy and operation is easier. The store design and the interior are the same worldwide along with extremely dim lightings, a strong smell of cologne and perf ume and the staff singing or dancing with theà pounding American songs. ââ¬ËReal-lifeââ¬â¢ Social and Environmental Dilemmas A ââ¬Ëreal lifeââ¬â¢ social dilemma has adversely impacted AF in recent years surrounding its CEO. The official website of the company states the company strives to be ââ¬Å"an inclusive environment that values the differences of its associates and customersâ⬠(Anfcareers.com, 2014). While this is the official statement, an interview with the CEO, Mike Jeffries, brought a contrasting view to light. Jeffries identified his target market by claiming, ââ¬Å"a lot of people donââ¬â¢t belong [in our clothes]â⬠¦Are we exclusionary? Absolutelyâ⬠(Walker, 2014). AF has since released an apology, but boycotts, negative celebrity statements, and petitions were enacted. This issue is an ethical dilemma to the firm because of their strategic place in the clothing market. In order to stay popular, an essence of exclusivity has been built around the brand, since the more exclusive the brand appears, the more interest the brand receives. This has been AFââ¬â¢s approach, but this strategy is not inclusive. The firm had to determine whether to increase their size options or continue with the current productive model. The most important stakeholders for this dilemma are the CEO and those who hold a large portion of AFââ¬â¢s stock. If AF is not able to effectively remedy the situation then the companyââ¬â¢s profits will continue to suffer. AF is a public company so their performance directly affects their stock. If the dilemma is not resolved quickly, it could trigger a chain reaction of a loss in profits which leads to lower stock causing several holders of the stock to drop it effectively dropping the value of the stock. The effects of this dilemma could have extremely long lasting repercussions. An environmental issue which has become a dilemma for AF is the implementation of harmful chemicals in their signature fragrances. Within the fragrance Fierce, ââ¬Å"11 secret chemicals that are not listed on the labelâ⬠(Henricks, Malkan, Shils, 2014) were found that heighten allergic reactions. This particular fragrance caused reactions from various activist groups such as Physicians for Social Responsibility, MomsRising, and others which total over 1.5 million people (Henricks, Malkan, Shils, 2014). Utilizing harmful chemicals is an ethical environmental dilemma for AFà because the current formula has generated incredible revenue. The official website of the company addresses large environmental impact areas such as limiting their carbon emissions, but nothing addresses somethingà which impacts the environmental on this particular scale. If AF is able to hide these chemicals and still gain their desired sales results then it has little motivation to stop acting in this manner. The most important stakeholders surrounding this dilemma are not only the executives and upper management of the company, but also the lowest store employees. A loss in serious sales will affect most employees in a company, but this situation would directly affect individual store employees.Customers may stay away from the stores in order to avoid the negative side effects resulting in a loss of profit and jobs for store employees. Developing a Globally Standardized Strategy Currently, Abercrombie and Fitch already has an established a globally standardized strategy to cope with the selected dilemmas. The strategy is laid out on a website by the company which was created specifically for displaying the considerate side of AF. Covering everything from the sustainability to collaborations to specific policies, AF clearly display their globally standardized strategy to ââ¬Å"ensure that the highest values of human rights are being upheld at our headquarters, in our stores and within our supply chainâ⬠(anfcares.org, 2014). AF should have a globally standardized strategy. Even if ethical imperialism is not wise, the specific industry operations call for a globalized solution. Several ethical viewpoints are almost universal for garment manufacturing. Several unethical decisions such as environmental negligence and the use of harmful chemicals have resulted in scandals and dilemmas because of the accessibility of information. For example, the infamous in terview with the CEO was conducted years before it gained notoriety. By having a globally standardized strategy, AF could mitigate potential situations before they arise. The selected dilemmas have global relevance. Inclusion, the principle dealt with in the social dilemma, is incredibly important to a multitude ofà cultures across the world. A store in the Netherlands which openly admitted to not wanting homosexual customers would experience a similar backlash. The environment issues also reaches across borders. Asthma, one of the problems which are heightened by the fragrances, is prevalent in ââ¬Å"an estimated 300 million peopleâ⬠(Aaaai.org, 2014). Abercrombie and Fitchsââ¬â¢ Actions Compared to Unilever The actual solutions by AF are not similar to the solutions practiced by Unilever. Both AF and Unilever have explicit codes of conduct and plans to deal with ethical dilemmas which arise. Even though these plans exist, AF has demonstrated that its actions do not always align with their official stance. Unileverââ¬â¢s approach to social impact such as gender equality has been greatly documented, and one of their main goals by 2020 is to ââ¬Å"help more than 1 billion people improve their health well-beingâ⬠(Vis, 2014). The implementation of this policy is seen as Unilever has helped generate around ââ¬Å"65,000 microentrepreneursâ⬠(Vis, 2014). A stark contrast exists between Unileverââ¬â¢s actions and those of AF. Unlike Unilever, the ultimate actions of AF and their refusal to stock larger size clothing proves the company is dedicated to portraying a positive image without actually helping to make a positive change in society. AFââ¬â¢s actions toward their environmental impact align almost with their actions for social justice. Although itsââ¬â¢ official stance is to reduce its environmental footprint, the company has taken no action in light of the protests by environmental groups driven ââ¬Å"to get rid toxic chemicals from the environmentâ⬠(Lutz, 2013) which are the result of their colognes. Unileverââ¬â¢s approach towards economic longevity has been greatly noted as ââ¬Å"75% sites [send] zero waste to landfillâ⬠(Vis, 2014). Unileverââ¬â¢s approach is much more preferable to AFââ¬â¢s approach. From a social standpoint, Unileverââ¬â¢s actions have actively made a beneficial social change as Unilever continues to fulfill their promises. AF continues to ignore their customerââ¬â¢s plight even though the company claims to truly care. From a corporate standpoint, Unileverââ¬â¢s approach is better because many news outlets have cited the company as making a positive chan ge, while AF continues to have controversies resulting in a sales drop of 10%. Overall, Unilever has a much better strategy than AF. Appendix 1 Figure 1: Average Monthly Wage of Asian Countries (Nwpc.dole.gov.ph, 2014) Appendix 2 Improvement of the Vietnam Government Policy on FDI (Kim, Lee and Cheong, 2011) The Vietnam government policy for FDI was dramatically improved by registering into WTO (World Trade Organization) and preparing for PNTR (Permanent Normal Trade Relations). Besides, the government adopted global standards, abolished discrimination of foreigners, and opened the service part such as finance or communication. As a result, FDI into Vietnam broadened to various areas, for example, fabrics, mining, energy, finance, logistic and so on. Especially concluding PNTR between the US made it possible to participating into WTO and encouraged foreing investors to enter into the Vietnam market. Another important change in the policy is related to the modification of legal restrictions or rules. On 1st of July, 2006, the government changed the original law for FDI which had been adapted only to the local people into the newly modified law for FDI which is commonly adapted to the both parts of foreigners a nd local people. This was the effort of the government to create more competitive investment conditions which are changing subject of application, and abolishing double price and repatriation tax. Also the government has been modifying the original business law, investment law, land law, and corporate taxation. References 1) Aaaai.org 2014, Asthma Statistics | AAAAI. [online] Available at:http://www.aaaai.org/about-the aaaai/newsroom/asthma-statistics.aspx [Accessed 14 May. 2014]. 2) Abercrombie and Fitch 2012, Annual report 2012, Abercrombie and Fitch Co., New Albany, Ohio. 3) Anfcareers.com 2014, Abercrombie Fitch Careers. [online] Available at:http://www.anfcareers.com/page/Diversity [Accessed 15 May. 2014]. 4) Anfcares.org 2014, AF Cares Our Strategy. [online] Available at:http://www.anfcares.org/sustainability/environment/strategy.jsp [Accessed 16 May. 2014]. 5) Barrie, L. 2010, Abercrombie Fitch sees opportunities in higher costs. [online] Just-style.com. Available at: http://www.just-style.com/analysis/abercrombie-fitch-sees-opportunities-in-highercosts_id109585.aspx [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. 6) Basu, C. 2014, The Advantages Disadvantages of a Wholly Owned Subsidiary. [online] eHow. Available at: http://www.ehow.com/info_8627934_advantages-disadvantages-wholly-ownedsubsidiary.html [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. 7) Childs, M. and Jin, B 2014, Is Uppsala model valid to fashion retailers? An analysis from internationalisation patterns of fast fashion retailers. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 18(1), pp.36 51. 8) Csimarket.com 2014, Abercrombie Fitch Co. (ANF) Jan. 31, 2014 Sales per Country and Region, Annual Report CSIMarket. [online] Available at:http://csimarket.com/stocks/segments_geo.php?code=ANF [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. 9) Fashionunited.com 2014, Abercrombie Fitch aims to open 100 stores in China Report Executive. [online] Available at: http://www.fashionunited.com/executive/report/abercrombiefitch-aims-to-open-100-stores-in-china-20142304495372 [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. 10 10) Geert-hofstede.com 2014, United States Geert Hofstede. [online] Available at: http://geerthofstede.com/united-states.html [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. 11) Google.com 2011, Abercrombie Fitch Production and Expansion Google Maps. [online] Available at: https://www.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8t=mvpsrc=6oe=UTF8msa=0msid=2073664 88920603185286.0004b07bb7b95fb0f4d6cdg=feature [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. 12) Henricks, S., Malkan, S. and Shils, J 2014, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics : Abercrombie Fitch: Stop Spraying Toxic Fragrance!. [online] Safecosmetics.org. Available at: http://safecosmetics.org/article.php?id=739 [Accessed 14 May. 2014]. 13) Inboundlogistics.com 2011, Supply Chain Gain: Global Growth Inbound Logistics. [online] Available at: http://www.inboundlogistics.com/cms/article/supply-chain-gain-global-growth/ [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. 14) Kim, T., Lee, J. and Cheong, J 2011, Firm Level Productivity and Survey Results for Korean Firms in Vietnam and Indonesia. KIEP Research Paper No. Policy Analysis-11-22, pp.16-180. 15) Lutz, A 2013, Reasons Why People Hate Abercrombie Fitch. [online] Business Insider. Available at: http://www.businessinsider.com/abercrombie-and-fitch-worst-controversies-20138?op=1 [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. 16) Majid Al Futtaim Fashion 2014, Hollister to make its Middle East debut in 2013. 17) Marx, W. 2010, In Tokyo, Abercrombie Misses Its Mark. [online] BoF The Business of Fashion. Available at: http://www.businessoffashion.com/2010/02/in-tokyo-abercrombie-misses-itsmark.html [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. 18) Nwpc.dole.gov.ph 2014, Official Website of National Wages and Productivity Commission. [online] Available at: http://www.nwpc.dole.gov.ph/pages/statistics/stat_comparative.html [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. 19) Overseas Research Department Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) 2011, The 21th Comparative Survey of Investment-Related Costs in 31 Major Cities and Regions in Asia and Oceania. p.68. 20) Peng, M. and Meyer, K 2011, International Business. 1st ed. London: Cengage Learning, pp.7276, 363, 458-459. 21) Rugman, A. and Verbeke, A 2004, A perspective on regional and global strategies of multinational enterprises. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(1), pp.318. 22) The Ohio State University Fisher College of Business 2013, Abercrombie Fitch Equity Research Report. pp.3 4. 23) Vahlne, J. and Johanson, J 2013, The Uppsala model on evolution of the multinational business enterprise ââ¬â from internalization to coordination of networks. International Marketing Review, 30(3), pp.189 210. 24) Vettoretti, A. and Huyen, H 2013, Vietnam Set to Increase Minimum Wages from December 31, 2013. [online] Available at: http://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/vietnam-set-to-increaseminimum-wages-from-december-31-2013.html/ [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. 25) Vis, J 2014, Making Progress, Driving Change. 26) Walker, J 2014, Abercrombie Fitch: Sorry!. [online] The Huffington Post. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/23/abercrombie-and-fitch-apology_n_3323668.html [Accessed 18 May. 2014]. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-9044850965728184622020-01-23T03:54:00.001-08:002020-01-23T03:54:02.621-08:00The Story of an Hour Essay -- American Literature Kate Chopin FeminismThe Story of an Hour 'The Story of an Hour' is one of Kate Chopin's most famous short stories. There is a great deal of marital instability in the story by Chopin because most of her well-known stories and novels deal with a woman who wishes for freedom or a marriage that is out of balance. In 'The Story of an Hour,' Chopin deals with an ironical twist; it is that the wife in the story, Louise Mallard, does not realize she is displeased with her marriage until she is told that her husband has been killed in a train accident. For an hour, Louise believes her husband's death and sets about planning her future in her mind; when she discovers the rumor of his death is not true, she dies of a heart problem at the end. The common argument in the story is that whether Louise dies of happiness or sadness about her husband's news. There are many ironies, echoes and foreshadowing occur throughout the story such as weeping, celebrating and dying. The theme appears one way, but in actuality, it means another way. Kate Chopin uses Louise Mallard to reflect events and feelings in her own personal life in 'The Story of an Hour.' An online informative article 'Kate Chopin: The Woman' gives detail that Kate Chopin was born in St. Louis on February 8, 1850. Her father, Thomas O'Flaherty, who was very successful in many business ventures, got killed in a work-related accident when Kate was only five years old. Her mother, Katherine O'Flaherty never remarried after her husband's death. Her grandmother and great-grandmother had also been a widow at very young age and never remarried. Her father left behind a family of four generations of women all living in the same house ('Kate'). The article goes on to mention that when Kate wa... ... Chopin, Kate. ?The Story of an Hour.? Current Issues and Enduring Question: A Guide to Critical Thinking and Argument with Readings. Boston: Bedford, 2002. 444-45. ?Kate Chopin: The Woman.? Angelfire. 13 Nov. 2003 . Ker, Christina. ?Ahead of Her Time: An Overview of the Life and Work of Kate Chopin.? Empirezine. 25 Nov. 2003 . Rutherford, Candice. ? Kate Chopin?s ?The Story of an Hour. HotBot. 26 Nov. 2003 . Ryan, Steven. ?Depression and Chopin?s Story of an Hour.? 2002. Questia. 30 Nov. 2003 . Stipe, Stormy. ?The Book that Ruined Kate Chopin?s Career.? InfoTrac OneFile. Gale. (Jan.1999). NCLive. 1 Dec. 2003 . Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-30340131871718292232020-01-15T00:18:00.001-08:002020-01-15T00:18:04.425-08:00Nobel Prize Winner: James WatsonAmong the most notable and controversial Nobel Prize recipients is James Watson. He, together with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, was awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1962 in the Physiology or Medicine category. He is one of the scientists who discovered the molecular structure of the DNA which is hailed as one of the great breakthroughs in the field of Sciences.James Dewey Watson was born on April 6, 1928 in Chicago, Illinois. In his early life, he was said to be fond of bird-gazing together with his father. When he was 12 years old, he was part of the famous radio show entitled Quiz Kids, a game which challenged young students to a quiz contest. At the age of 15, Watson entered the University of Chicago with the help of the then liberal policy of Robert Hutchins, the University president. In 1946, his interest in the field of science changed from his former concern on ornithology to genetics after he had read What Is Life? by Erwin Schrodinger. In 1947, he received his Bache lorââ¬â¢s degree in Zoology from the same university.Among Watsonââ¬â¢s foremost influences was Salvador Luria, also a Nobel Prize winner. He was engrossed to the latterââ¬â¢s work which exposed him on the nature of genetic mutations. In the first months of 1948, Watson started to pursue his Ph.D. research at Indiana University at Luriaââ¬â¢s laboratory. He was able to meet with another Nobel Prize recipient Max Delbruck. Delbruck and Luria were the pioneers of the Phage Group, a movement of geneticists who underwent studies and researches on microbial genetics.Eventually, Watson was also able to work with the group as a working scientist. His experience with the Phage group opened up his scientific knowledge on the nature and structure of genes. In order to develop his knowledge about the components of a gene, he took a course with another scientist Feliz Haurowitz in 1949 in which he was able to gain the conventional views on genes such as genes were proteins and vice versa; that genes have the capacity to replicate themselves; and other scientific data about the DNA.But through with all those knowledge, Watson was also fascinated with the work of Oswald Avery explaining that DNA was indeed the genetic molecule. Towards his doctoral studies, he underwent X-rays researches which attempted to de-motivate bacterial viruses. In 1950, he received his Ph.D. in Zoology at Indiana University.To be able to enhance more his knowledge on genetics and genetic composition, Watson went to Europe to pursue a postdoctoral study. He stayed at the laboratory in Copenhagen owned by a biochemist named Herman Kalckar whose studies were also linked with the nucleic acids. Through his stay with Kalckarââ¬â¢s laboratory, he was able to conduct experiments with another member of the Phage group, Ole Maaloe.The latterââ¬â¢s studies and researches were concerned on the DNA and the earlier supposition that it is the genetic molecule. In a meeting in Italy where he acc ompanied Kalckar, he met Maurice Wilkins who was also a devoted geneticist. In an event, Wilkins had shown Watson an X-ray diffraction data for DNA (which was originally worked out by Rosalind Franklin). After seeing the X-ray, he came to a conclusion that DNA had a distinct structure. Watson attempted to discover this through his experimental research done in different universities.Watson came to a decision to be familiar with performing X-ray diffraction experiments for the reason that such undertaking would lead him to a more probable and easier discovery of the DNA structure (He was inspired by Linus Pauling who was able to publish the protein alpha helix model with his unremitting efforts in undergoing X-ray experiments on molecular model.In 1951, Watson, together with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, started to work out a series of experimental researches using Franklinââ¬â¢s X-ray findings on DNA structure. A controversy was said to occur during the period of experimenta l researches among Watson, Crick and Wilkins for the reason that they were using Franklinââ¬â¢s data and findings without the latterââ¬â¢s knowledge and consent.To further study Franklinââ¬â¢s X-ray findings, Watson attended one of Franklinââ¬â¢s seminar by which she explained how she obtained her findings on the DNA structure. Originally, Franklin claimed that the DNA was structured in helix-form. With this, Watson had started again to construct a molecular model but in the end it was criticize by Franklin by saying that the phosphate backbones must not be in the inside but on the outside.Eager to finish their attempt, the two used Franklinââ¬â¢s observations in their ultimate attempt to arrive at the DNA structure model. However, 1951, the absolute details of the chemical structure of the backbone of the DNA were identified by Alexander Todd, a biochemist. With that, Watson and Crick were asked to stop working with the DNA structure in 1952. Yet the two had never co mpletely put aside their desire to come up with the DNA structure model.After numerous trips which exposed Watson and Crick to different methods and experimental systems that could help them in their account on DNA structure model, they were again asked to continue working on the DNA structural model by the then laboratory director Maurice Wilkins. Through the years, Franklinââ¬â¢s findings progresses and even developed.à The two, again, used Franklinââ¬â¢s findings in their experimental research on the DNA structure.The most outstanding contribution of Watson in the entire pursuit of the structural model of the DNA was his discovery of the nucleotide base pairs. These base pairs are said to be the chief answer in solving the structure and function of the DNA. Watson used the Pauling tradition, which he was formerly exposed.On February 1953, Watson worked out a molecule model which used a straight periphery, and exacto blade, white cardboard and adhesive. He made the molecu les flat in their loop so that he could slide the cardboard models and inspect how they work. Through such improvised models, Watson saw that the bigger two ring (A and G nucleobase; also referred as the purines) could be matched with a lesser one ring (T and C nucleobases; also referred as the pyrimidines).Watson hypothesized if the tow pairs could be paired through a hydrogen bond which he discovered possible. He then observed that the two pairs could be placed over on each other with alike general configuration. To elaborate, the hexagonal rings were central and the comparative courses of the five-member rings of A and G were the identical.à Watson perceived that numerous members were falling into place such that he regarded it as the answer. He was right for formulating such conclusion. Watsonââ¬â¢s discovery of the base pairs was unswerving with what Chargaff, also a biochemist, had already worked out.Not so long that Watson and Crick had completed their experimental rese arch on the structural model of DNA by concluding the double helix form of the DNA. They presented their findings through a journal entitled Nature. With this great discovery, Watson and his co-scientists Crick and Wilkins were given the Nobel Prize in 1962 for their discovery of the structure of nucleic acids.Nevertheless, as mentioned earlier the controversy involving the original works of Franklin had put the three Nobel Prize Awardees in so much criticisms primarily with their failure to acknowledge the contribution of Franklin. But Watson took the courage to clarify the issue and appraise Franklinââ¬â¢s involvement in the discovery of the DNA structural model. In 1968, he published a book entitled The Double-Helix which explained his teamââ¬â¢s side regarding the controversy with Franklin.He clarified that it was not intentional to bypass Franklin all throughout their achievements. He said that Franklin was really one of the persons who gave him the impetus to strive hard er and make him more careful in analyzing his experimental research on DNA structure.à In the end, his team included Franklin as one of the most important persons behind the success of their structural model of DNA.Watsonââ¬â¢s published book made the public realize how scientists like him undergo so much hardships for the sake of scientific discoveries which can really aid the entire mankind in uplifting the quality of their lives. He had proven that with great effort and outstanding sacrifice, anyone could victoriously achieve his or her goals.Watson did not stop his scientific endeavors with his Nobel Prize award. He worked with the Genome Project in 1988 which he held up until 1992.References:Hamilton, J. (2004). James Watson: Solving the Mystery of DNA (Nobel Prize-Winningà à Scientists). Enslow Publishers.Watson, J. D. (2001). The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of theà à à à à à Structure of DNA (First ed.). Touchstone. Nobel prize winner: james watson Among the most notable and controversial Nobel Prize recipients is James Watson. He, together with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, was awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1962 in the Physiology or Medicine category. He is one of the scientists who discovered the molecular structure of the DNA which is hailed as one of the great breakthroughs in the field of Sciences.James Dewey Watson was born on April 6, 1928 in Chicago, Illinois. In his early life, he was said to be fond of bird-gazing together with his father. When he was 12 years old, he was part of the famous radio show entitled Quiz Kids, a game which challenged young students to a quiz contest. At the age of 15, Watson entered the University of Chicago with the help of the then liberal policy of Robert Hutchins, the University president. In 1946, his interest in the field of science changed from his former concern on ornithology to genetics after he had read What Is Life? by Erwin Schrodinger. In 1947, he received his Bache lorââ¬â¢s degree in Zoology from the same university.Among Watsonââ¬â¢s foremost influences was Salvador Luria, also a Nobel Prize winner. He was engrossed to the latterââ¬â¢s work which exposed him on the nature of genetic mutations. In the first months of 1948, Watson started to pursue his Ph.D. research at Indiana University at Luriaââ¬â¢s laboratory. He was able to meet with another Nobel Prize recipient Max Delbruck. Delbruck and Luria were the pioneers of the Phage Group, a movement of geneticists who underwent studies and researches on microbial genetics. Eventually, Watson was also able to work with the group as a working scientist.His experience with the Phage group opened up his scientific knowledge on the nature and structure of genes. In order to develop his knowledge about the components of a gene, he took a course with another scientist Feliz Haurowitz in 1949 in which he was able to gain the conventional views on genes such as genes were proteins and vice versa; that genes have the capacity to replicate themselves; and other scientific data about the DNA. But through with all those knowledge, Watson was also fascinated with the work of Oswald Avery explaining that DNA was indeed the genetic molecule. Towards his doctoral studies, he underwent X-rays researches which attempted to de-motivate bacterial viruses. In 1950, he received his Ph.D. in Zoology at Indiana University.To be able to enhance more his knowledge on genetics and genetic composition, Watson went to Europe to pursue a postdoctoral study. He stayed at the laboratory in Copenhagen owned by a biochemist named Herman Kalckar whose studies were also linked with the nucleic acids. Through his stay with Kalckarââ¬â¢s laboratory, he was able to conduct experiments with another member of the Phage group, Ole Maaloe.The latterââ¬â¢s studies and researches were concerned on the DNA and the earlier supposition that it is the genetic molecule. In a meeting in Italy where he ac companied Kalckar, he met Maurice Wilkins who was also a devoted geneticist. In an event, Wilkins had shown Watson an X-ray diffraction data for DNA (which was originally worked out by Rosalind Franklin). After seeing the X-ray, he came to a conclusion that DNA had a distinct structure. Watson attempted to discover this through his experimental research done in different universities.Watson came to a decision to be familiar with performing X-ray diffraction experiments for the reason that such undertaking would lead him to a more probable and easier discovery of the DNA structure (He was inspired by Linus Pauling who was able to publish the protein alpha helix model with his unremitting efforts in undergoing X-ray experiments on molecular model.In 1951, Watson, together with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, started to work out a series of experimental researches using Franklinââ¬â¢s X-ray findings on DNA structure. A controversy was said to occur during the period of experiment al researches among Watson, Crick and Wilkins for the reason that they were using Franklinââ¬â¢s data and findings without the latterââ¬â¢s knowledge and consent. To further study Franklinââ¬â¢s X-ray findings, Watson attended one of Franklinââ¬â¢s seminar by which she explained how she obtained her findings on the DNA structure.Originally, Franklin claimed that the DNA was structured in helix-form. With this, Watson had started again to construct a molecular model but in the end it was criticize by Franklin by saying that the phosphate backbones must not be in the inside but on the outside. Eager to finish their attempt, the two used Franklinââ¬â¢s observations in their ultimate attempt to arrive at the DNA structure model. However, 1951, the absolute details of the chemical structure of the backbone of the DNA were identified by Alexander Todd, a biochemist. With that, Watson and Crick were asked to stop working with the DNA structure in 1952. Yet the two had never completely put aside their desire to come up with the DNA structure model.After numerous trips which exposed Watson and Crick to different methods and experimental systems that could help them in their account on DNA structure model, they were again asked to continue working on the DNA structural model by the then laboratory director Maurice Wilkins. Through the years, Franklinââ¬â¢s findings progresses and even developed.à The two, again, used Franklinââ¬â¢s findings in their experimental research on the DNA structure.The most outstanding contribution of Watson in the entire pursuit of the structural model of the DNA was his discovery of the nucleotide base pairs. These base pairs are said to be the chief answer in solving the structure and function of the DNA. Watson used the Pauling tradition, which he was formerly exposed.On February 1953, Watson worked out a molecule model which used a straight periphery, and exacto blade, white cardboard and adhesive. He made the mole cules flat in their loop so that he could slide the cardboard models and inspect how they work. Through such improvised models, Watson saw that the bigger two ring (A and G nucleobase; also referred as the purines) could be matched with a lesser one ring (T and C nucleobases; also referred as the pyrimidines).Watson hypothesized if the tow pairs could be paired through a hydrogen bond which he discovered possible. He then observed that the two pairs could be placed over on each other with alike general configuration. To elaborate, the hexagonal rings were central and the comparative courses of the five-member rings of A and G were the identical.à Watson perceived that numerous members were falling into place such that he regarded it as the answer. He was right for formulating such conclusion. Watsonââ¬â¢s discovery of the base pairs was unswerving with what Chargaff, also a biochemist, had already worked out.Not so long that Watson and Crick had completed their experimental re search on the structural model of DNA by concluding the double helix form of the DNA. They presented their findings through a journal entitled Nature. With this great discovery, Watson and his co-scientists Crick and Wilkins were given the Nobel Prize in 1962 for their discovery of the structure of nucleic acids.Nevertheless, as mentioned earlier the controversy involving the original works of Franklin had put the three Nobel Prize Awardees in so much criticisms primarily with their failure to acknowledge the contribution of Franklin. But Watson took the courage to clarify the issue and appraise Franklinââ¬â¢s involvement in the discovery of the DNA structural model. In 1968, he published a book entitled The Double-Helix which explained his teamââ¬â¢s side regarding the controversy with Franklin. He clarified that it was not intentional to bypass Franklin all throughout their achievements. He said that Franklin was really one of the persons who gave him the impetus to strive h arder and make him more careful in analyzing his experimental research on DNA structure.à In the end, his team included Franklin as one of the most important persons behind the success of their structural model of DNA.Watsonââ¬â¢s published book made the public realize how scientists like him undergo so much hardships for the sake of scientific discoveries which can really aid the entire mankind in uplifting the quality of their lives. He had proven that with great effort and outstanding sacrifice, anyone could victoriously achieve his or her goals.Watson did not stop his scientific endeavors with his Nobel Prize award. He worked with the Genome Project in 1988 which he held up until 1992.References:Hamilton, J. (2004). James Watson: Solving the Mystery of DNA (Nobel Prize-Winningà à à Scientists). Enslow Publishers.Watson, J. D. (2001). The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of theà à à à à à Structure of DNA (First ed.). Touchstone. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-35558068179930175592020-01-06T20:39:00.001-08:002020-01-06T20:39:03.892-08:00Poem Analysis Allen Ginsbergs Howl - 2277 Words Interpreting Howl Interpreting Howl The world is holy! The soul is holy! The skin is holy! The nose is holy! The tongue and cock and hand and asshole holy! Everything is holy! everybodys holy! everywhere is holy! everyday is an eternity! Everymans an angel! The bums as holy as the seraphim! the madman is holy as you my soul are holy!...Holy the groaning saxophone! Holy the bop apocalypse! Holy the jazzbands marijuana hipsters peace junk drums! ~Footnote to Howl by Allen Ginsberg Poet Allen Ginsberg composed Howl in 1955 and it was published by City Lights Books of San Francisco, CA the following year. He composed the poem in the middle of the 1950s, one of the greatest decades in history for mainstream America. It had been a decade since the American and Allied victory in the second world war. Numerous American men returned home to a country in much better shape than expected, with many women having entered the workforce to keep the economy and industry alive in their absence. The spoils of war were great and America saw a great era of prosperity and domestic, suburban bliss. More interstate highways were constructed. Many more cars were produced and bought. It was a classic era for mainstream American culture in the 1950s. Yet in the haze of the suburbs, expansion of television, growth of Hollywood, and cars, present here were the seeds of rebellion and counterculture that was more indicative of the following decade, 1960 s. One such seed is the poemShow MoreRelatedAllen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California Literary Analysis1669 Words à |à 7 PagesJasamyn Wimmer English 1B Professor Kleinman 5 March 2013 Brief Literary Analysis Lost America: An analysis of ââ¬Å"A Supermarket in Californiaâ⬠Allen Ginsberg; philosopher, activist, poet, a man highly revered as a groundbreaking figure between the 1950ââ¬â¢s Beat Poetry Generation and the counter-cultural revolution of the 1960ââ¬â¢s (poetryarchive.org). Ginsbergââ¬â¢s first book ââ¬Å"Howl and Other Poems,â⬠was published in 1955, his work was involved in an illustrious obscenity trial because of the use ofRead MoreConfessional Poetry Essay1640 Words à |à 7 Pagespurely autobiographical, but did often express deeply disturbing personal experience. (Academy of American Poets) Three important poets who are typically associated with the confessional poetry movement are Anne Sexton, Allen Ginsberg, and Denise Levertov. An analysis of selected works from these poets yields a deeper insight into the individual poets and the broad differences among them. Poetry rarely flourishes in a vacuum. As such, the influences and history of each poet is important toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Howl 1406 Words à |à 6 PagesHistoric Analysis of ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢ Howl ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢Howlââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ was a poem written byà Allen Ginsberg in 1956. For us to understand the poem it is necessary for us to understand the history behind the poem. ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢ Howl ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢ was published in 1956, right after the devastating World War II. After WWII thatââ¬â¢s when the American dream was in full force throughout the whole world. Many Immigrants were trying to migrate to the US at that time for a better living. At the same time media was becoming big and powerful gaining trust fromRead MoreAnalysis of Allen Ginsbergs Howl2630 Words à |à 11 Pagesï » ¿Howl Allen Ginsburg Introduction Why is this poem so fascinating to scholars, students, and others in America, even today fifty-six years after it was published? Indeed it remains of interest because this poem was part of the literary movement that put the Beat Generation on the map, and it also demonstrated, â⬠¦in a seismic way, that social change could be driven by literature, Amiri Baraka and colleagues explain in The American Poetry Review. The poem broke form, and challenged cultural andRead MoreEssay on Jack Kerouacs On the Road and Allen Ginsbergs Howl3843 Words à |à 16 PagesJack Kerouacs On the Road and Allen Ginsbergs Howl Works Cited It was a 1951 TIME cover story, which dubbed the Beats a ââ¬ËSilent Generation, ââ¬â¢ that led to Allen Ginsbergââ¬â¢s retort in his poem ââ¬ËAmerica,ââ¬â¢ in which he vocalises a frustration at this loss of self- importance. The fifties Beat Generation, notably through Jack Kerouacââ¬â¢s On the Road and Allen Ginsbergââ¬â¢s Howl#61482; as will here be discussed, fought to revitalise individuality and revolutionise their censored society which seemed toRead MoreBeat Countercultural Movement Essay1127 Words à |à 5 Pageshistory will affect the time that follows. The Beat generation is especially significant, though, because of its long lasting impact on American culture. Many aspects of modern American culture can be directly attributed to the Beat writers, primarily Allen Ginsburg, William Burroughs, Neal Cassady, and Jack Kerouac. (Asher) Their influence has changed the American perception of obscenity, has had profound effects on American music and literatur e, and has modified the publicââ¬â¢s views on such topics asRead MoreAnalysis of Ginsbergs Howl Essay2804 Words à |à 12 PagesWilliam Wordsworths definition of poetry as the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings is more evident in Allen Ginsbergs Howl than just about any other poem (Wordsworth). Divided into three distinctive sections as well as an additional footnote, the poem utilizes a writing style based on self-symmetry to act as the framework for this overflow. The progression from one section to the next gives an impression of a crumbling society, brought to its knees through years of excessive lifestyle Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-84734739781742258242019-12-29T17:04:00.001-08:002019-12-29T17:04:03.822-08:00An Introduction to the McCarthy EraJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-40550858441633896932019-12-21T12:52:00.001-08:002019-12-21T12:52:02.977-08:00Socrates s Argument On The Jury - 1830 Words Socratesââ¬â¢s offering to the jury is to tell the truth, despite not admitting that it is simply his truth and thus not the entire truth, he is not able to convey to the jury the importance of not killing him. A bad citizen would try to undermine the jury by committing perjury and disobeying the decision of the court. He however, wouldnââ¬â¢t even like it if the jury committed perjury on his behalf, ââ¬Å"Socrates says what he means on the stand hold honesty above all else, so when he is offered a chance to escape from his execution he does not take it. By refusing to escape, he reiterates how sticking to agreements is important to him. Socrates commitment to the societal agreement between him and the city where he is allowed to live in Athens andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He would be a bad citizen if he were to leave because it would mean doing wrong, and as he agreed with Crito, doing wrong is always bad. If he acted on escaping from Athens he would be not only breakin g, but destroying the law and thus doing harm to the city. In his hypothetical argument with the law, the law states that his idea that because the courts wronged him, he should not now wrong them because the two parties are not equal. The Athenian government believes that is is bad to wrong your country because they have given him everything: his life, education and nurturing as they did with his ancestors. This argument tells Socrates, how the gods want him to care about his country more than his own family and though he does not fear death he does think of judgement from the gods. It is difficult to say whether he is a good citizen because we do not know what standard to use - to use the athenian standard of citizenship would be to not do wrong to one s country (ie leaving it and destroying the laws or corrupting it) but they also think that people should respect their country more than their own family. The modern view of citizenship where the government provides for the people and they owe nothing back save taxes and occasionally military service. Between different times and places the idea of what is good changes. Currently, our society does not hold the same values as the ancient city of Athens, consequently whenShow MoreRelatedThe Apology And Interpretation Of The Trial Of Socrates1183 Words à |à 5 PagesPlato s account and interpretation of the trial of Socrates (399 BC). When the Thirty Tyrants were ruling Athens, Socrates was asked by them to help capture Leon of Salamis, a wealthy man. This arrest was to be made simply because Leon was a just Democrat and the Tyrants wanted to take his huge estate for themselves. Socrates disobeyed these orders hence why he was later executed as a traitor of Athens. Meletus was the man who then brought Socrates before a jury for prosecution. Socrates pleadedRead MoreSocrates (Defense), the Apology Essay1014 Words à |à 5 PagesSocrates ââ¬â ââ¬Å"The Apologyâ⬠or (Defense) Socrates had no written work, never had a job and there are questions of whether he was even literate. However, Plato was a student of Socrates and recorded what occurred at his death trial. Socrates asked lots of questions and made people with political power look stupid. At no time during his trial does he claim to be innocent. He (attacks his accuser instead) There were two types of charges brought against him. - The new or (Official) ChargesRead MoreEssay on Socrates Fight for Justice1101 Words à |à 5 Pagesan attempt by Socrates to defend himself in court and defend his choice to receive the death penalty when found guilty. Although he makes very valid and strong arguments throughout one can only wonder why such a wise person would choose death over life. The following essay will analyze three quotes from Apology and Crito, find the correlation between them, and reveal any flaws that may exsist inside these arguments made by Socrates. In Platoââ¬â¢s Apology Socrates explains to the jury the reasons heRead MoreThe Trial of Socrates1543 Words à |à 7 PagesIn the trial of Socrates, I juror number 307, Ryan Callahan vote the defendant is Not Guilty on the first charge of Corrupting the youth. My justifications for this vote are as follows. Socrates didn t corrupt the youth, he just shared his ideas with them and they in turn chose the path to take these ideas. Part of understanding this case is understand the time in which the case was held. This time being 399 B.C., a time in which Athens was a free democratic city, a town which prided itselfRead MoreSocrates : The Father Of Philosophy Essay1518 Words à |à 7 PagesSocrates is known to be the father of philosophy. The impact he made in Western philosophers has forever shaped the world we live in. The influence this man has made cannot be measured. Although there is little known about Socrates due to the fact he never wrote any of his teachings down on paper , we can examine him though the works of his most famous student Plato.You can say Plato was Socratesââ¬â¢s author in the form that he only wrote what his master said. Plato never claim to say what his masterRead MoreReaction Paper On Socrates1250 Words à |à 5 PagesSocrates was born in circa 470 BC, in Athens Greece. The way we know about Socrates life through the writing of his fellow students, including Plato and Xenophon. In this paper, I will be discussing: the problem that most of his fellow citizens have against him and how can philosophy help us. The kind values that Socrates defends through his trail, and how the knowledge and virtue are required for a meaningful life. First, what from his perspective, is the problem that most of his fellow citizensRead MoreComparison Between Crito and Apology1661 Words à |à 7 Pagesthese two articles that we read in Crito and Apology by Plato, we could know Socrates is an enduring person with imagination, because he presents us with a mass of contradictions: Most eloquent men, yet he never wrote a word; ugliest yet most profoundly attractive; ignorant yet wise; wrongfully convicted, yet unwilling to avoid his unjust execution. Behind these conundrums is a contradiction less often explored: Socrates is at once the most Athenian, most local, citizenly, and patriotic of philosophers;Read MoreSocrates and the Apology1136 Words à |à 5 Pagesbest sources of information about Socrates philosophical views are the early dialogues of his student Plato, who tried to provide a faithful picture of the methods and teachings of the great master. The Apology is one of the many-recorded dialogues about Socrates. It is about how Socrates was arrested and charged with corrupting the youth, believing in no god(s) (Atheism) and for being a Sophist. He attended his trial and put up a good argument. I believe that Socrates was wrongfully accused and shouldRead MoreSocrates View On Death And The Soul1533 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe idea of death. Socrates on the other hand was never once frightened about the idea of death. Throughout the Apology, one is able to clearly analyze Socratesââ¬â¢ view on death and the soul. The Apology is the actual speech delivered by Socrates during his death trial. In the jury system, an apology is composed of three parts: a speech, a counter-assessment, and some last final words. Socrates argument is that death should be a joyous time, especially for philosophers. Socrates claimed when we dieRead MoreSocrates : The Suicide Of Socrates1405 Words à |à 6 PagesSocrates was born in 470 BCE in Athens, Greece. His father was Sophroniscus, a sculptor and stone mason from Athens and his mother was a midwife by the name of Phaenarete (30 Interesting Socrates Facts 2014). Socrates original profession was masonry and sculpting, before becoming a philosopher. On a day in 399 BC, Socrates ( roughly 71 years at the time) went to trial.Now why would anyone want to send an old man to court? Three answer is that Socrates was accused of refusing to recognize the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-85480228037820128202019-12-13T09:23:00.001-08:002019-12-13T09:23:02.543-08:00Psychology (imagery usage) Free Essays Introduction For a number of years imagery has been known to be an effective method to enhance athletic performance and sporting success. Currently Imagery researchers have majorly became interested in the mechanisms behind imageryââ¬â¢s performance-enhancing effects and how these can be maximized. It has also transpired through neuroscience research that a ââ¬Å"functional equivalenceâ⬠exists between imagery and performance of a skill or movement, as they are both triggered by the same neurophysiological processes (Decety Jeannerod, 1996). We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology (imagery usage) or any similar topic only for you Order Now A cognitive neuroscience approach to motor imagery in sport was presented by Holmes and Collins (2001) they examined current research efforts in neuroscience and applied the findings to developing a deeper understanding of motor imagery as athletes commonly use it. In particular, they highlighted the implications of the notion of the functional equivalence of the motor imagery and motor execution systems for sport psychologists. As a result, it has become one of the most popular psychological strategies employed by athletes, coaches, and sport psychologists. Holmes and Collins (2001) developed a PETTLEP model that included 7 different factors: Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion and Perspective. The PETTLEP model recommends that influencing the physical nature of imagery to near motor preparation will stimulate the peripheral receptors that are related with task execution and increase the psychophysiological congruence of motor preparation and motor imagery at the central sites, ultimately strengthening the memory trace (Beisteiner, Hollinger, Lindinger, Lang, Berthoz, 1995). Imagery has been defined as ââ¬Å"using all the senses to re-create or create an experience in the mindâ⬠(Vealey Greenleaf, 2001). Imagery is widely known to be used in any physical activity to improve performance, skill and change behavioural problems. Imagery in sport is a form of stimulation which is similar to a real sensory experience, except imagery stimulation occurs in the mind. Imagery can also be known as ââ¬Ëvisualizationââ¬â¢ and there are 4 different types of senses which are all important and they are known as the kinaesthetic, auditory, tactile and olfactory senses but the kinaesthetic sense to athletes is the most important one because when our body moves in several ways we can feel it and this helps athletes improve performance. Through imagery you are able to re-create positive experiences that have previously happened or picture new events to prepare yourself mentally for performance. Holmes and Collins suggested that all athletes should be actively i nvolved in the imagery experience. (Adapted from Holmes and Collins, 2001, 2002) The PETTLEP model of intervention are useful in daily clinic to facilitate learning, performance skills, strategies, modifying cognitions, regulating arousal and competitive anxiety in the handling of athletes and sports performance. For example if there was a football team that wanted to use imagery to prepare for the possibility of going to penalties of a tournament, the PETTLEP model would be: Physical: The players would imagine being in shortage of breath and they would even make themselves shortage of breath prior to imaging to stimulate the state they would be in during a match. The players could then perform the imagery in the standing stance wearing their kit and boots in the exactly same way they would when they practise or actually taking a penalty. Environment: When wanting to create an atmosphere the imagery used would be in the competition scene using photos, videos and sounds of the crowd to make an environment as if the players are actually taking a penalty. Task: Sho uld be reflected in the image which means each player should focus internally and concentrate on factors such as which corner in the goal they are going to place the ball. Each player should include prompts they would work on when taking an actual penalty an example of this would be, never look at the goalkeeper and just solely focus on the ball and wait for the referees whistle to begin their run up. This should be mirrored in the imagery picture as a result. Timing: The penalty planning and carrying out the run up and flight of the ball should be imaged in real time. Learning: When the athletes manage to master the technique then they can then move onto other elements such as the changes in emotion they would start to experience as they become a talented penalty taker. Emotion: Footballers are encouraged to add in the appropriate emotions they experience when going to take a penalty so they get used to these emotions and learn to relate them with success. Addition of related emotion will help increase the vividness of an image. Perspective: If the footballers view the technique of taking a penalty, they may perform the imagery from an external visual perspective. However they may prefer to use internal visual imagery when wanting to view the factors they will focus on when making their preparations for the penalty. As a result each footballer should consider which visual perspective is best and switch between the two. Holmes and Collins (2001), ââ¬Å"PETTLEP modelâ⬠was said that there is evidence especially when mixing physical and environmental strategies in terms of conducting imagery on field (I.e. rehearsing imagery of kicking a football penalty on the field instead of imagining this while at home). The SIQ questionnaire is an well-organized way of gaining knowledge about the athletes ability to conduct imagery. The next step would be to develop an efficient imagery intervention, that could develop the athleteââ¬â¢s ability. References Holmes and Collins, (2001), The PETTLEP Approach to Motor Imagery: A Functional Equivalence Model for Sport Psychologists, Journal of applied sport psychology, vol.13(1), p.60-81 Hall, C. R., Martin, K. A. (1997). Measuring movement imagery abilities: A revision of the movement imagery questionnaire. Journal of Mental Imagery, 21, 143-154. How to cite Psychology (imagery usage), Essay examples Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-92125425278055683112019-12-05T05:40:00.001-08:002019-12-05T05:40:04.722-08:00Taxation Law And Fringe Benefit Tax Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Taxation Law And Fringe Benefit Tax. Answer: Issue The central issue in the present case is to offer an advice to employee Charlie and employer Shine Homes Pty Ltd (Shiny Homes) for the fringe benefits consequences for the given events for the income year 2017. Law Fringe benefits are the non- cashable benefits (for personal use) which are extended on the part of the employer to their employee during their employment with the company. These types of benefits result fringe benefit tax liability on the employer. The various fringe benefits are highlighted in the Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act 1986 (Cth) FBTAA86. The various relevant fringe benefits and their respective FBT computation is discussed below. Car Fringe Benefit When an employer has provided car to the employee for his/her own personal usage, then it is termed as car fringe benefit. Tax Ruling TR 96/26 indicates the various aspects related to the Car Fringe Benefit and the computation of the Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT) liability on the part of employer (CCH, 2013). The necessary steps related to the computation of fringe benefit tax liability are highlighted below. Total duration of utilization of private use of car in the assessment year It is essential to find the actual date on which the car is available for the personal usage of employee. According to section 7 of FBTAA86, the private usage of car is assumed in any of the following two circumstances (Woellner, 2014). Actual car use for personal work by the employee The date on which the car has been offered to employee for personal utilization. In this case, the date on which car is offered would be taken into consideration irrespective of the fact that whether the employee has started using car for personal purposes or not. Additionally, there are certain implicit situations which also hint towards private usage. For instance, the parking of the car owned by the employer at the employees residence garage on aa regular basis automatically implies that the said employee has the authorization for personal use of car irrespective of an actual permission being extended. As per Section 7, FBTAA, the assumption of car being available for use in personal purposes can also be made when the residence is used as office (Gilders et. al., 2016). Also, on account of previous rulings, the use of car provided by the employer by employee for commutation between home and work amount to personal use of car which leads to FBT liability on employer (CCH, 2013). Also, it is crucial to highlight the deductions in private usage. The private usage availability is hampered only when the car is in the workshop to undergo serious repairs which are typically caused when there is some accident leading to vehicle being damaged badly. It is noteworthy that regular services along with trivial maintenance issues do not provide any deduction in private use (Sadiq et. al., 2016). Determination of the taxable amount of FBT related to extension of car fringe benefit There are two methods which the employer may use in order to determine the taxable fringe benefit. These are outlined below. Statutory Formula Method This method involves determination of taxable value on the basis of the statutory rate multiplied with the cars base value as highlighted in section 9, FBTAA. The complete formula is as indicated below (Deutsch et. al., 2016). Car Fringe Benefit Taxable Value = (Base value of car * Applicable statutory percentage *(Days of private purpose/365)) Employee Contribution The discussion about the various inputs mentioned in the above formula is carried out below. The car base value is often assumed to be price at which the car is bought. However, there are certain other costs which are included such as accessories cost which are not related to business, delivery charger paid to the dealer and GST applicable on the same. Further, according to Section 9 FBTAA, the expense on registration and stamp duty is not included in the base value. Although on account of general wear and tear the value of the car diminishes but instead of annual depreciation, a one third base value reduction is possible to claim after four years have elapsed with no depreciation charged (Sadiq et. al., 2016). Before May, 2011, the statutory percentage was determined taking into consideration the distances travelled in the consideration year. However, post May 11, 2011, the statutory percentage is independent of the distance travelled and instead levied at a flat rate of 90% in accordance with section 9, FBTAA (Barkoczy, 2017). The private usage days have already been discussed in the previous section but computation of these is done between April 1 and March 31 as FBT year is separate from tax year. Also, these days are then divided by 365 to estimate the yearly duration of private car use (CCH, 2013). It may so happen that certain operating costs related to fuel, repair may be paid by the employee and in such cases a deduction needs to be made for the same as per Section 9, FBTAA (Gilders et. al., 2016). Operating Cost Method The basic approach of this method is to determine the taxable value by computing the operating costs that have been spent in the given FBT year and multiply by a suitable percentage (Woellner, 2014). The choice of percentage is essentially driven by the private use extent. Hence, higher is the personal use, higher would be the percentage value and higher would be the taxable value of the fringe benefit extended to the employee as per Section 10, FBTAA. The formula used in this method is outlined below (Gilders et. al., 2016). Car Fringe Benefit Taxable Value = (Cumulative operating costs * Percentage) Employee contribution In the above two methods, it is the taxpayer who has the choice to decide on the method leading to lesser FBT payable. With regards to the operating cost method, it has to be specified at the commencement of private usage that this method would be used. The statutory formula method primarily is the one which is commonly in use (Barkoczy, 2017). FBT payable computation in relation to the car fringe benefit The above computed taxable value of the fringe benefit is then used to compute the FBT payable at the end of the employer as illustrated below (Sadiq et. al., 2016). FBT payable by the employer = Car Fringe Benefit Taxable Value * Rate of FBT * Gross up factor The fringe benefit tax rate tends to alter from year to year but for the current computations, the rate applied would be 49% applicable for the year ending on March 31, 2017. In relation to the gross up factor, two options exist based on the underlying good type. Goods that tend to levied GST have a higher gross up factor in comparison with those which are not levied GST. Since a car cost attracts GST, hence the higher gross up factor of 2.1463 would be used (Barkoczy, 2017). Expense Related Fringe Benefit The above fringe benefit when the employer tends to bear expenses which would be considered as private for the employee and should ideally be borne by the employee. This may involve several benefits such as payment of expenses like children fee. The applicable provisions in this relation are outlined in Section 20 FBTAA. According to this section, the computation of the FBT payable by the employer on account of this is highlighted below (Gilders et. al., 2016). FBT payable by the employer = Expense borne by employer * Rate of FBT * Gross up factor Again the value of gross of factor would essentially be driven by the presence or absence of GST on the underlying goods. Car Parking Fringe Benefit The car parking fringe benefits are extended when certain conditions outlined in the tax ruling TR96/26 are satisfied These include that duration of car parking must be for atleast four hours and lie between morning 7 am and evening 7 am. Also, the parking benefits are extended to car controlled by the employee on account of the employment. Further, it is also necessary that this place of car parking must be in close proximity of the employment primary place. Also, section 39A, FBTAA levies additional two conditions for the realisation of the car parking benefits. One condition is that the venue of car parking must lie within a radius of 1km in respect of the employers car park provided (CCH, 2013). Also, the lowest fee for parking must exceed the annual threshold value which amounts to $ 8.48 for the FBT year ending on March 31, 2017 as per TD 2016/17 (Barkoczy, 2017). While based on the extent and type of data available, various methods can be used to compute the car parking fringe benefits, but the one relevant to the given situation is the market value approach based on which the following formula is valid (Woellner, 2014). Car Parking Fringe Benefit Taxable Value = Car parking market value Contribution from employee FBT payable by the employer = Car Parking Fringe Benefit Taxable Value * Rate of FBT * Gross up factor Application Car Fringe Benefit The car owned by company was parked at Charlies own garage and hence, it can be said that Charlie can utilize the car. It is apparent from this fact that employer Shine Homes Pty Ltd has provided car to its employee Charlie for personal utilization. Hence, the fringe benefits liability would be applicable on the part of Shine Homes Pty Ltd. The computation of car fringe benefits tax liability is highlighted below: Date at which car (Sedan) has provided to Charlie = September 1, 2016 Value of car = $70,000 The total number of days on which the car has been used by Charlie i.e. from September 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017 = 212 days Deduction in private usage would be made for the 2 week spent in workshop in February but not for 2 days during Christmas as the former was major repair and latter was regular service. Annual private usage during FBT year ending on March 31, 2017 = 212 14 = 198 days Taxable value as per statutory formula method = = 70000*0.20*(198/365) = $ 7,594.52 The same also needs to be determined in accordance with the operating cost method so as to allow the employer to choose the better option. Operating cost borne by company during private usage = 5500*7 (Petrol Repairs) + 240*(7/12) (Registration)+ 960*(7/12) (Insurance) = $ 39,200 Taxable value as per operating cost method = 39200*0.3 (Extent of private use) = $ 11,760 The statutory method is the better method as it results in lower FBT related tax outflow for the company, FBT payable by the employer (Car Fringe Benefit) = 7594.52*0.49*2.1463 = $ 7,987.06 Expense Related Fringe Benefit The employer has spent the money on the following two. Hiring a car in the week of marriage for Charlie ($1,000) Paying for honeymoon accommodation ($ 3,000) It is apparent that the above are expense of personal type which ought to be spent by Charlie himself. Hence, the payment of these constitutes a expense related fringe benefit for which the company would have to pay FBT. The computation in this regards is highlighted below. FBT payable by the employer (Expense Related Fringe Benefit) = (3000+1000)*0.49* 2.1463 = $ 4,206.75 Car Parking Fringe Benefit Based on the given facts, it is apparent that the employer is provided car park by a third party to the employee Charlie who uses the company owned car for private purposes. Also considering the $ 200 weekly charge, it is evident that the rate per day is significantly higher than the applicable value which is acting as the threshold for the FBT year ending on March 31, 2017. Considering the weekly parking charges of $ 200, the benefit has been extended for 28 weeks leading to a taxable value of $ 5,600. FBT payable by the employer (Car Parking Fringe Benefit) = 5600 * 0.49 * 2.1463= $ 5,889.45 Conclusion In line with the discussion of relevant law and the computations performed, it is apparent that total FBT liability to the tune of $ 18,083. 26 (i.e. 5889.45+ 4206.75 + 7987.06) is payable by the employer while Charlie has no tax liability arising on account of the events highlighted. References Statutes Tax Rulings Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment Act, 1986 (Cth) TR 96/26 TD 2016/17 Books Barkoczy,S. (2017), Foundation of Taxation Law 2017 (9thedition), North Ryde: CCH Publications CCH (2013), Australian Master Tax Guide 2013 (51st edition), Sydney: Wolters Kluwer Deutsch, R., Freizer, M., Fullerton, I., Hanley, P., and Snape, T. (2016), Australian tax handbook (8th edition), Pymont: Thomson Reuters, Gilders, F., Taylor, J., Walpole, M., Burton, M. and Ciro, T. (2016), Understanding taxation law 2016 (9th edition), Sydney: LexisNexis/Butterworths. Sadiq, K, Coleman, C, Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan, S, Krever, R, Obst, W, and Ting, A (2016) ,Principles of Taxation Law 2016 (8th edition), Pymont: Thomson Reuters Woellner, R (2014), Australian taxation law 2014 (7th edition), North Ryde: CCH Australia Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-19430849952203806642019-11-28T11:30:00.001-08:002019-11-28T11:30:05.141-08:00The Ibis Hotel Introduction Tourism Essay Essay ExampleThe Ibis Hotel Introduction Tourism Essay Essay Ibis is Europes taking budget hotel with more than 950 hotels in 55 states ; ibis offers its clients the highest degree of service and ultimate comfort in its class at the best market monetary values. The ibis criterion guarantees its clients around the universe offer homogenous: a modern room, connected and soundproofed bedding to innovative comfort, breakfast from 4am to midday and a varied culinary art. In this ultimate comfort the ibis room: became modern, comfy and to the full equipped, all hotels in the web, the ibis room is designed to offer its clients a happy slumber and the ability to work calmly: soundproof, connected to the Wi-Fi hotel, with a flat-screen LCD Television, a broad bathroom and a work desk. New bedding to soothe Ibis, happy sleep specializer, has developed a construct of advanced and radical bedclothes. The pillows are generous, welcoming eiderdown and mattress adapts absolutely to your organic structure for a deep, reposeful slumber. And the secret arm of ibis a mattress 7 centimeter more comfort for soft esthesiss. Unprecedented in the economic system section, the new ibis will alter your bed darks. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ibis Hotel Introduction Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Ibis Hotel Introduction Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Ibis Hotel Introduction Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The highest degree of service in its category degree Celsius is enjoy your stay unclouded twenty-four hours and dark, our squads are at your disposal Our squads live to the beat of your demands and your desires: Front 24h/24, little kitchen ibis at all times and a saloon service unfastened continuously. A committedness to quality service Ibis is the first hotel trade name to have economic since 1997, the ISO 9001 quality enfranchisement. This International Standard trades with the quality service twenty-four hours and dark response, adjustment, little kitchen ibis, and breakfast from 4am to midday and saloon service. Today, 758 ibis hotels in 21 states are certified ISO 9001 or 84 % of the web. The contract Satisfaction 15 proceedingss Contract Satisfaction 15 proceedingss is a alone illustration of this demanding procedure. If a cloud disturbs the abode of a client, ibis squads give 15 proceedingss level for a solution, twenty-four hours and dark, and if they can non run that small cloud in the allotted clip, the client is invited by the hotel. Ibis open uping environmental committedness Ibis registered its committedness under PLANET 21, the plan of Accor s sustainable development. Ibis is the first planetary concatenation engaged in the environmental enfranchisement ISO 14001 which installs a uninterrupted advancement via: a recent ongoing conformity ordinances uninterrupted betterment: hotels certified are on a regular basis audited to put new ends. Already 420 hotels in 18 states have achieved ISO 14001 environmental enfranchisement. SEVEN P S PRODUIT: The ibis criterion guarantees its clients around the universe offer homogenous: a modern room connected and soundproofed bedding to innovative comfort, breakfast from 4am to midday and a varied culinary art, Attentive and efficient. Monetary value: Harmonizing the monetary value of ibis is one of the major determiners of the profitableness of the hotel, and the monetary value besides depends on which metropolis the hotel is situated, so Ibis Greenwich is small be expensive because of the activity and the advantage that the around him. Topographic point: Ibis Greenwich is located in a really charming and cunning town, and is located in the bosom of Greenwich, near the Maritime Museum, Cutty Sark, and Royal Observatory and the train station Promotion: sing the publicity hotel ibis make a new construct where you reserve 2 darks with Ibis manners every Tuesday and you pay for merely 1 dark, you can book to in last minute.com you will hold possibility to acquire 50 % every hebdomad terminal Friday and Saturday. Peoples: The Ibis Greenwich has a really friendly receptionist staff and really rough response of this profession the making requires is GCSE or LEVEL and is depend for which trade name or star are you working if you do nt hold any making but you have a motive for the trade of the Ibis hotel industry hotel will suggest you rating of preparation to germinate a squad leader to director. Procedure: all Ibis client usage cyberspace to book or do they are suites reserve or, send of Email or naming the line reserve for and all our reserve agent will answer to the client by electronic mail, facsimile, or station. Physical Evidence: the hotel is clean, the suites are clean, quiet, good het hotel, the staff are presentable and pleasant hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.co.uk/books? id=zFfo2MGH90gC A ; pg=PA41 A ; source=gbs_toc_r A ; cad=4 # v=onepage A ; q A ; f=false analysis of the Micro and Macro Environment of cordial reception selling THE MACRO ENVIRONMENT Economy: Consumers passing on cordial reception services are discretional disbursement. The portion of family budgets spent on nutrient off from place declined somewhat during the recession of the early 1990s ( Putnam and Allshouse 1999 ) . Society and civilization: As societal and civilization values, beliefs, and sentiments change, chances are created for new merchandises, services, and constructs. As people become more concerned about second-hand fume, more eating houses, even in provinces where a complete smoke prohibition is non required, have become wholly smoke free, Hotel besides provide non-smoking suites or floors in response to the modern-day clime of the societal environment. Political: the eating houses restaurant industry continues to see force per unit area from the authorities, to better nutritionary labelling or menus.at the province and local degrees, finish selling bureaus, such as province touristry offices and convention and visitants, play an of import function in constructing gross revenues for the cordial reception industry. Technology: the greatest impacts of engineering on cordial reception operations are in the country of communications and the sum and quality of information available for illustration computing machines are used to maintain path of a invitee s history on disbursement, Hotel offer automatic cheque in and look into out etcaÃâ à ¦ Environment: Many cordial reception administrations have implemented environment friendly plans like many restaurant serve H2O merely on petition, and hotels ask invitees to maintain towels on the rack if they will be used once more so that they will non be washed unnecessarily. The micro environment Rivals the market topographic point for independent operations is much more competitory than it was merely a few old ages ago. The high grade of competition in both the hotel and the eating house sections affects pricing schemes and all other elements of the selling mix. And the comparatively disconnected nature of the industry means that the environment will stay extremely competitory and unpredictable. Customers: households are of import to cordial reception sellers for two grounds PESTEL POLICAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL TECHNOLOGY environment legal Political The political scene has an tremendous influence on the ordinance of concerns, the buying power of purchasers, every bit good as related companies for this ground, we had to take a expression at many standards policy so that companies can turn and perspective is instead a healthy ambiance. Economic Sellers need to see the province of a trading economic system in the short and long footings. This is particularly true when planning for international selling. Social and cultural the societal and cultural influences on concerns vary from one state to another. It is really of import that such factors be considered. What is the dominant faith, what are the topographic point of work forces and adult females within the society, what are the reactions when coming to foreign merchandises and services? In the hotel industry the sociological facets of UK have non truly affected the concern ; UK is a instead unfastened minded state and therefore is easy traveling for the hotel concern. Technological Technology is critical for our competitory advantage, and is a major driver of globalisation engineering offers companies a new manner to pass on with their consumers. With development of cyberspace, most of the engagements are made via cyberspace. Finally engineering allows for merchandises and services to be made more cheaply and to a better criterion of quality. Environment: PLANET 21 is our 21 committednesss to sustainable development. Health, nature, C, invention, local development, employment and duologue: 21 committednesss to assist the universe run a little more swimmingly. Legal: these are related to the legal environment in which houses operate. In recent old ages in the UK there have been many significantA legal alterations that have affected houses behavior. Opportunities Development of accomplishments, calling chance Evolution of poste to another like ( the director at response ) , possibility to go around the universe IBIS HOTEL SWOT Strength Located in the bosom of Greenwich Near the Maritime Museum, Cutty Sark, And Royal Observatory And train station. The suites offer satellite Television and internet entree. Relax at the saloon with a java or a glass of vino Let your ego be tempted by the bites and light repasts that are offered. Increase the twin suites Menaces There is strong competition in the market, opening of smaller hotel, and client petitions a really high making Failings The hotel charged me for twice for the same room on the same dark, claiming I did non demo up for the second of the A I could non park at the hotel, the two highly suffering receptionists offered me the ?10 parking license which would enable me to park Tiny suites uncomfortable beds Porters FIVE Forces Harmonizing to Porter ( 2001 ) the cyberspace is an enabling engineering that can be used within the context of a good concern scheme in any industry. The five forces that impact fight which are outlined in Porter s 1980 work are: barriers to entry, menace of replacements, dickering power of purchasers and Sellerss, and the competition among bing rivals. The most of import determiner of a market place s net income potency is the intrinsic power of purchasers and Sellerss. Menace of Substitute Goods In the hotel industry there is normally another hotel merely around the corner. They appear in all monetary value scopes, with changing degrees of service and comfortss. The changeless challenge will ever be to acquire the invitee to take your hotel over the rival. The cyberspace makes the overall market more efficient while spread outing the size of the possible market and making new permutation menaces. Given the authority of this menace a brilliant cyberspace presence is critical. Dickering Power of Buyers Business individuals taking a hotel for concern travel are savvy consumers and they are comfy with computing machine engineering, It has become really simple for them to travel on-line and book a hotel. They no longer need travel agents, corporate travel advisers or in-between work forces of any sort to find where they will remain. Porter s theoretical account predicts this riddance of mediators. Rivalry among bing rivals The competition among rivals in the hotel industry is ferocious. When possible clients can larn about a hotel on line, the cyberspace reduces the differences among rivals. Peoples tend to seek the best monetary value for the best experience and the inclination is to cut down monetary value to be competitory. The cyberspace covers broad geographical countries so the market is widened increasing the figure of rivals. Barriers to Entry The initial investing in the hotel industry creates rather a barrier to entry but certain barriers to come ining the hotel market are reduced by the cyberspace. A presence on the cyberspace reduces nouveau-riche selling costs slightly, and gives the new rival entree to possible providers and resources.. Dickering power of providers While this is non a significant menace in the hotel industry it can hold impact particularly in the country of labor. With an aging population, there are fewer people to make full service industry occupations and hotels which can pull first-class staff have a greater opportunity of supplying first-class and exceeding experiences to their patronage. As portion of their cyberspace scheme all hotel ironss should hold a subdivision on enlisting for employment.A hypertext transfer protocol: //themarketplaceoflife.blogspot.co.uk/2011/02/porters-five-factor-model-and-hotel.html Cleavage and placement Harmonizing to the Ibis website the SEGMENT AND DESIGN is International standardised trade name. ROOM SIZE 16/17sqm Can be customized harmonizing to market demands. BEDDING the bed comfort is one of our extreme precedences. We will be establishing a new Ultimate Comfort Bed . QUALITY Most of the hotels have been ISO 9001 certiià ¬?ed. ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY Over 400 hotels in 17 states have obtained ISO 14001 Environmental Certiià ¬?cation. Since its creative activity in 1974, ibis has expanded continuously and has a web of 957 hotels, 117,171 suites in 55 countries*** . This strong planetary placement is the consequence of an ambitious enlargement program launched in 2007. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.accor.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Contenus_Accor/Franchise_Management/Documents_utiles/Developpement/ibis_megabrand_developpement_brochure_022012.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.accor.com/en/brands/brand-portfolio/ibis.html Branding An ultimate comfort offer the ibis room: modern, comfy and well-equipped in every hotel of the web, the ibis room is designed to offer to its invitees a happy slumber and the possibility to work calmly: soundproof, connected to the hotel Wi-Fi, with a level screen LCD Television, a broad bathroom and a desk. Brand new bed, trade name new comfort Ibis, the good-nights-sleep specializer, has developed an advanced and radical bedclothes construct. Pillows are downy, the eiderdown is super-soft and the hi-tech mattress aligns with the denseness points which provide your organic structure, so your slumber will be deep and bracing. And the ibis secret arm is a 7cm topper of excess comfort for a soft and welcoming feel. Unique in the economic system hotel section, the new ibis bed will transform your darks. Recommendation Ibis hotel must concentrate more on concern section and single travelled, must alter they are design room, besides enlarge the anteroom infinite. Decision The success in the touristry sector is non within the range of everyone, the trade of the hotel industry and providing require certain qualities really Particular. First of all, and contrary to what we tend to believe that bearers are non easy, they are surely travel, leisure, pleasance, but the bulk of occupations are sedentary serious or nerve-racking. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-21839767394987457532019-11-24T19:04:00.001-08:002019-11-24T19:04:04.653-08:00Personnal Statement essaysPersonnal Statement essays I am interested in studying Advertisment Design because of my desire to work in the marketing side of this complex industry. This complexity, needs a greater level of education, and with that in mind, I am applying to your university to study advertising. Through studying A-levels Art, Media Studies, Drama and English, I have enjoyed and gained the sufficient educational background in order to go on further and achieve my dreams. I have had numerous work experiences that would further enhance my qualifications for this course. The two positions I have held at Next plc and French Connection plc have in common an emphasis on serving the public effectively. Both of these positions have enabled me to develop my sales and 'people' skills, which I consider to be extremely important in an increasingly service-driven marketplace. During a work placement in France, I used my skills of logic to make a successful transition from one language and culture to another. Being fluent in Arabic too has made me confident that those same skills will allow me to translate the promise of visual query techniques to a working, practical reality. At school, I play an active role in sixth-form life. I am a peer counselling prefect and throroughly enjoy this resposibility; I feel I am a good listener and people can trust and confide in me. I am a co-operative person and am very helpful to others. I like to plan things well ahead of time in order to achieve a given task as efficiently and effectively as possible. My hobbies are swimming and aerobics and I am currenlty a member at a health club. I enjoy reading literary novels and media publications in order to keep up to date with current events. My academic background, my studies and work on database systems, and my research skills will enable me to succeed in the highly demanding course I have chosen. Finally, the attractive content of the course, together with my abilities an ... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-52072206876151672019-11-21T08:02:00.001-08:002019-11-21T08:02:10.212-08:00Interactive Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1Interactive Marketing - Essay Example From this study it is clear thatà the understanding of the needs of the customer is extremely important as this will only allow the company to deliver what the customer expects of the company. Only based on this understanding the company will be able to design its products such that the use of these products results in experiences which surpass initial expectations of the customers. The root of successful value proposition lies in the ability of the supplier company to constantly communicate about the value of its products to the customers and obtaining effective feedback from the customers. The value creation by a travel company is somewhat different and it cannot be compared to the other supplier based companies.This paper highlights thatà the primary reason behind this is the fact that travel companies have very little control on the products they sell and they mainly act as intermediaries selling products of third party suppliers and producers like airlines and hotels. Moreov er the products of travel and tourism are considered to be services rather than tangible goods.à Product differentiation is a way of attracting consumers for travel agency. Product differentiation is a strategy in which travel agencies attempt to create and exploit differences between their products and those offered by competitors.à Based on this theoretical understanding the product and price proposition of Gap 360 will be interesting to formulate. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-57673951829253736362019-11-20T10:40:00.001-08:002019-11-20T10:40:03.812-08:00Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 wordsBusiness ethics - Essay Example However, if there were no formal binding of legislation, it would be difficult to make employees comply with the rules and execute CSR practices effectively. In order to face this challenge, businesses need to align their framework based on certain principles that balances the financial and social performances of the company responding to stakeholders concerns at the same time (Schwartz, 2011). However, the framework and practices of Corporate Social Responsibilities varies with the culture and economy in which business operates. Mainly the communities in which the company operates are the major factors that drive ethical decisions of the corporation. The economic, cultural, environment and social issues are spontaneous. The pace of change in these factors is rapid and unpredictable. However, the core values of ethical conduct of the business are based on the effectiveness of the business to understand these changes and implement CSR policies that correspond with these issues. Hence, some of the CSR activities of the organization are based on legal contracts, and some are not based on formal binding. In the bothà cases, Corporate Social Responsibilities that are not based on formal binding legislation enforcement are lessà meaningful. Business ethics is code of conduct of the business it involves moral or ethical issues that may rise within a business with respect to its conduct with individuals or the entire organization. There are two dimensions of business ethics, normative and descriptive dimension. The Normative dimensions are the core corporate practice and specialization, and descriptive dimensions are experts and academics to understand the behaviour of business. In other words, Business ethics tells about the relation between the interactions of the organization with profit maximizing behaviour with non-economic concerns. However, there are several debates at international platform that citizen practices and framework of Corporate Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-53315794900784390052019-11-18T03:39:00.001-08:002019-11-18T03:39:03.285-08:00Tutoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsTutoring - Essay Example A tutor is an individual qualified to impart students in different specialties. A tutor normally teaches scholars outside of the normal hours prescribed in schools. A tutor is frequently paid to offer tutoring training. He or she may be officially trained, and several qualified teachers. A tutor can also be somebody with proficiency in a subject field who is not a qualified teacher, like an academically gifted student. He or she may be working in a profitable tutoring industry. Tutors in the lifelong learning area appreciate all students independently and uniformly. They are dedicated to lifelong education and professional growth and struggle for continuous development through philosophical exercise. The main purpose of the tutor is to generate effective and motivating occasions for studying through prominent quality coaching that allows the growth and development of all students (Hitching, 2008). The lifelong learning area is modern and developed out of an administrative commitment to inspire the contribution of grown-ups into knowledge whether as fraction of an additional learning or a job based education plan. Lifelong learning is to encourage inclusion while raising the benchmarks of adult learning after the modern school age of sixteen ((Hitching, 2008). This type of learning refers to students in sixth grade learning through to old age learning within the community background. The kind of learners and the abilities and capabilities of those studentsââ¬â¢ presents a variety of disputes for a tutor go into the occupation and so it is significant to appreciate what lifelong learning entails. It is also significant to appreciate what is anticipated of a tutor in this setting and what their responsibility is, as well as what their tasks are to their learners. The responsibility of a tutor in the lifelong learning zone should be to observe the appropriate regulations of preparation and supervisory requirements that enclose the occupation. Naturally, the tuto r must be properly qualified and have an authorization to practice. They must also offer the resources and apparatus that are desirable to help their instruction. There is also a collection of statutory Acts that enclose the occupation, which embrace the Act 1974 of safety and health at work, Act 2010 (the Data Protection), the Equality Act 2010 (the Equality), and that each leaner matters (Wallace, 2007). In terms of the tutorsââ¬â¢ tasks to their learners, there are several of needs that should be achieved. The tutor should bear in mind the aptitudes of the students in their grouping and provide suitable session plans that will assist their education (Wallace, 2007). They ought to understand their students and form suitable associations while managing social challenges. They must be able to recognize any supplementary learning requirements faced by the learners they are coaching and deliver sufficient encouragement that will aid the student overcome any obstacles to their knowl edge (Tummons, 2007). The tutor must be in a position to inspire their learners to inspire their education and they must be able to measure their personal achievements as well as acquire more skills from their limitations (Tummons, 2007). A tutor should also endorse equality. This refers to refers to encouraging a superior social fairness by offering individuals with the abilities to get and maintain work, Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2770859612415250075.post-84243708958034862262019-11-15T16:10:00.001-08:002019-11-15T16:10:09.061-08:00Conflict between the debt holders and shareholdersConflict between the debt holders and shareholders Myers and Majluf (1984) in their pioneering work on pecking-order theory show that if the investors are not well informed about the information which the insiders have, the equity of that firm may be severely mispriced. In their paper they also show that if any firm wants to fund its new project by new equity then the equity can be so undervalued that the new investors will be better off by getting more value than the projects NPV. So the organization will go for such a source which is not underpriced by the market like internal funds or riskless debt. So, in case of information asymmetry companies should follow an order of financing. Myers (1984) refers to this order as the pecking order. As per the pecking order the firm first goes for internal funds and then for low risk debt and finally equity. As we have three major capital structure theories in the literature, it becomes an interesting task to test which theory characterises the behaviour of Indian firms in their determining th e capital structure during the bullish phase of capital market. There are many empirical studies [Bradley, Jarrell, and Kim (1984), Titman and Wessels (1988), Rajan and Zingales (1995), Wald (1999) and Booth et al. (2001)] which have been done to test the applicability of the above mentioned capital structure theories in the developed and developing countries. Market Timing Theory Market timing, a comparatively old initiative (see Myers, 1984), is having a new surge of fame in the academic literature. In study by Graham and Harvey (2001), managers carry on to offer support for the plan. Consistent with the behavior of market timing, firms inclined to issue equity subsequent a stock price run-up. Furthermore, researches that analyze long-run stock profits following business financing events find proof reliable with market timing. Lucas and McDonald (1990) investigate a dynamic adverse selection model that mix essentials of the pecking order with the market timing theory, which can give details of pre-issue run-ups but not post issue Under performance. Baker and Wurgler (2002) said that capital structure is best perceived as the cumulative effect of precedent attempts to time the market. The basic suggestion is that managers look at existing circumstances in both debt market and equity markets. If they found a need of financing, they use whichever market present ly looks more favorable. If neither market looks positive, they may go for defer issuances. On the other hand, if present conditions look strangely favorable, funds possibly will be raised still if the firm has no need for any funds at this time. While this idea seems reasonable, it has not anything to say about most of the factors conventionally considered in studies of corporate financing. However, it does propose that stock returns and debt market circumstances will play an significant role in capital structure decisions. LITERATURE REVIEW The first paper on capital structure was written by Miller and Modigliani in 1958, Showing that subject to some restrictive situation, the impact of leveraging on the worth of firm is immaterial; the conceptually provided that the worth of firm is not dependent upon the capital structure decision given that certain conditions are met. Because of the unrealistic assumptions in MM irrelevance theory, research on capital structure gave birth to other theories. According to the traditional (or static) trade-of theory (TOT), firms select optimal capital structure by comparing the tax benefits of the debt, the costs of bankruptcy and the costs of agency of debt and equity, that is to say the corrective role of debt and the fact that debt effects from informational cost than outside equity. (Modigliani and Miller, 1963; Stiglitz, 1972; Jensen and Meckling, 1976; Myers, 1977; Titman, 1984.) The Trade Off theory says that a firms adjustment toward an optimal leverage is influenced by three factors namely taxes, xosts of financial distress and agency costs. Baxter (1967) argued that the extensive use of debt increases the chances of bankruptcy because of which creditors demand extra risk premium. He said that firms should not use debt beyond the point where the cost of debt becomes larger than the tax advantage. In the so-called Pecking Order Theory (POT) (Donaldson, 1961; Myers and Majluf, 1984; Myers, 1984), because of asymmetries of information between insiders and outsiders, the company will prefer to be financed first by internal resources, then by debt and finally by stockholders equity. The debt ratio depends then on the degree of information asymmetry, on the capacity of self-financing and on the various constraints which the company meets in the access to the various sources of financing. So, in the pecking order world, observed leverage reflects the past profitability and investment opportunities of the companies. The dynamic trade-off theory (DTOT) tries a compromise between TOT and POT (Fischer et al., 1989; Leland, 1994, 1998[1]). Although, due to information asymmetries, market imperfections and transaction costs, many companies allow their leverage ratios to drift away from their targets for a time, when the distance becomes large enough managers take steps to move their companies back toward the targets. While the POT explains short-run deviation from the target, the traditional TOT holds in the long run. Following this approach, leverage must converge toward a target leverage ratio. That would no be the case following POT because managers make no effort to turn around changes in leverage. Two additional theories also reject the idea of timely meeting toward a target leverage ratio. According to the theories of market timing and inertia, the capital structure is the result at a given time of an historical process. Supporters of the market timing approach (Jalilvand and Harris, 1984; Korajczyk et al., 1991; Lucas and McDonald, 1990; Jung et al., 1996; Loughran et al., 1994; Baker and Wurgler, 2002) argue that companies will sell overpriced equity shares. Companys share prices will fluctuate around their factual value, and managers inclined to issue shares when the market-to-book ratio is high. A small debt ratio must thus follow a long period of high market-to-book ratio. According to the managerial inertia approach (Welch, 2004) companies do not adjust their debt ratio to the fluctuations of the market value of their equity. High market-to-book ratio must thus be accompanied by small debt. Graham and Harvey (2001) find that chief financial officers in the USA express concern about earnings volatility in capital structure choices. According to Mohammad M. Omran and John Pointon (2009) study, one of our issues of interest is whether debt is negatively associated with earnings volatility, in which case firms react to the risk, and manage it by reducing debt. On the other hand, if debt is found to be positively associated with earnings volatility, then they do not appear to manage the risk. Ayesha Mazhar and Mohamed Nisar (1997) have discussed the determinants of capital structure of Pakistani firms. They selected a sample from Pakistani companies registered on Islamabad Stock Exchange. The sample is divided into two sub-samples of private and government owned companies to make comparison between both sectors. The sample comprised 91 Pakistani companies out of which 80 companies are private and 11 are government owned covering the period of 1999-2006. They have taken debt to equity as a proxy of leverage of a firm, and tangibility of assets, profitability, size, growth, tax provision and return on assets as independent variables. They use correlation to determine the degree of association between different variables. Spearmen correlation is used for all independent variables association with dependent variables. Regression is also used to measure the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Attaullah shah and saifullah khan (2007) they used two variants of penal data i.e. constant coefficient model and fixed effect model to calculate the determinants of capital structure of Karachi Stock Exchange listed non-financial firms from1994 to2002. Pooled regression investigation was applied with the hypothesis that there were no industry or time effects. Though, by means of fixed effect dummy variable regression, the coefficients for a amount of industries were significant displaying there were significant industry effects later we accepted the late model for our investigation. He had measured effect of seven explanatory variables is measured on leverage ratio which is designed by dividing the total debt by total assets. Safdar Ali Butt and ArshadHasan(2009) had explores the association between capital structure and corporate governance of stock exchange listed companies in an equity market. The study considered the period of 2002 to 2005 for which 58 randomly selected non-financial listed companies from Karachi Stock Exchange has been investigated by using multivariate regression line analysis with fixed effect model method. Managerial ownership has negative relationship with debt to equity ratio indicating that concentration of ownership induces the managers to lower the gearing levels. Institutional ownership has positive relationship with capital structure which is consistent with corporate governance philosophy but this relation is statistically insignificant. Traditional determinants of capital structure like size and profitability have significantly effect on corporate financing decisions. Profitability is negatively related with debt to equity ratio and it is consistent with pecking order hyp othesis. Similarly, size has positive relationship which shows that large firms can arrange debt financing due to long term Relationship and better collateral offering. NengjiuJu, Robert Parrino, Allen M. Poteshman, and Michael S. Weisbach Abstract (2005) this paper inspect optimal capital structure choice by means of a dynamic capital structure model that is standardized to reflect genuine firm features. They also examine the relation between firm value and capital structure. They estimate indicate that the impact on firm value of moderate deviations from optimal capital structure is small. This paper suggests that the trade-off model performs reasonably well in predicting capital structures for firms with typical levels of debt. This paper also shows that the major forces affecting a firms financing decisions are corporate taxes and bankruptcy costs. Mohamad H. Mohamad, Professor of Business Administration. School of Management, University Utara Malaysia (Northern University of Malaysia), Sintok, Kedah DarulAman, Malaysia (1995).they examine the determinants of firms capital structure in Malaysia covering the period between 1986 to 1990. There are significant inter-industry differences in capital structure among Malaysian companies. Highly-leveraged firms are more likely to earn higher profits than less-leveraged firms. Similarly the relation between firms profit and equity ratio is also positive and is reflected in terms of the importance of efficient capital markets. Laurence Booth, VaroujAivazian, AsliDemirguc-Kunt, Vojislav Maksimovic(1999) has analyzed capital structure of firms in ten developing countries and provide indication that these choices are affected by the same variables as in advanced countries. But, there are constantly repeated differences across countries, when corporations choose to use of debt financing; they are altering some predictable future cash flows away from equity pretenders in exchange for cash up front. The issues that drive this decision remain mysterious regardless of a vast theoretical literature and years of experimental tests. The quantity of proof is large, and so it is frequently all too relaxed to provide some pragmatic support for nearly any idea. It is satisfactory for a given paper but more challenging for the general expansion of our thoughtful of capital structure choice. As an outcome, in current decades the literature has not had a concrete experimental basis to differentiate the weaknesses and streng ths of the main theories. Numerous theories of capital structure have been proposed which theory shall we take seriously? Of course, opinions differ. Remarkably, nearly all corporate finance textbooks inclined to the trade-off theory in which bankruptcy costs and deadweight taxation are key operators. Myers (1984) projected the pecking order theory in which there is a financing hierarchy of retained earnings, debt, and then equity. In recent times, the idea that firms are engage in market timing has gain popularity. In conclusion, agency theory lurks in the background of a lot theoretical conversation. Agency concerns are frequently collected into the trade-off structure largely interpreted. Advocates of these types of models are frequently point to experimental proof to support their preferred theory. Often suggestion has been made to the survey by Harris and Raviv (1991) or to the experimental study by Titman and Wessels (1988). Both these two standard papers point up a serious empirical difficulty. They are disagreed over basic facts. According to Harris and Raviv (1991, p. 334), the accessible studies normally agree that leverage increases with tangible fixed assets, growth opportunities, non debt tax shields, firm size and decreases with advertising expenditures, volatility, research and development expenditures, profitability, bankruptcy probability, and uniqueness of the product. On the other hand, Titman and Wessels(1988, p. 17) find that their outcome do not provide sustain for an effect on debt ratios due to non debt tax shields, collateral value, volatility, or future growth. Therefore, advocates of exacting theories are presented a choice of absolutely opposing well-known summaries of what we all know from the preceding literature. Obviously this is unacceptable, and th e study aims to assist resolve this experimental difficulty. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00442762872262147957noreply@blogger.com0